Development of composite catalyst containing renewable biochar blended with zinc oxide and copper diphenyl amine for visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

IntroductionEffective wastewater management remains a significant challenge in Pakistan, with conventional methods often falling short in addressing the release of harmful pollutants into water bodies.MethodThis study explores the use of a novel composite photocatalyst combining biochar, zinc oxide...

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Main Authors: Aroosha Saif, Syeda Itrat Rizvi, Zarneen Shaukat, Mamoona Saif, Sobia Tabassum, Rizwan Khalid, Fahad Javed, Nazih Y. Rebouh, Faiza Hassan, Qamar uz Zaman
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1500907/full
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author Aroosha Saif
Syeda Itrat Rizvi
Zarneen Shaukat
Mamoona Saif
Sobia Tabassum
Rizwan Khalid
Fahad Javed
Nazih Y. Rebouh
Faiza Hassan
Qamar uz Zaman
author_facet Aroosha Saif
Syeda Itrat Rizvi
Zarneen Shaukat
Mamoona Saif
Sobia Tabassum
Rizwan Khalid
Fahad Javed
Nazih Y. Rebouh
Faiza Hassan
Qamar uz Zaman
author_sort Aroosha Saif
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionEffective wastewater management remains a significant challenge in Pakistan, with conventional methods often falling short in addressing the release of harmful pollutants into water bodies.MethodThis study explores the use of a novel composite photocatalyst combining biochar, zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper diphenylamine (Cu-DPA) to improve wastewater treatment under visible light. The composite was prepared by varying the Cu-DPA content in ZnO, with ratios of 50%, 40%, 30%, and 17%, alongside standard biochar ZnO and Cu-DPA formulations. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, XRD, and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to analyze the composite's properties. Photocatalytic performance was assessed by degrading Methylene Blue, a common dye pollutant, under visible light.ResultsThe results showed that while ZnO alone achieved 78% degradation, the composites with different Cu-DPA ratios demonstrated varying efficiencies, with the biochar-enhanced ZnO/Cu-DPA composite achieving the highest degradation rate of 97% in 80 min.DiscussionThis composite exhibited good reusability over seven cycles. This research highlights the potential of the biochar ZnO/Cu-DPA composite as an effective, eco-friendly solution for wastewater treatment, offering significant improvements in photocatalytic performance and sustainability.
format Article
id doaj-art-349fcb592ce74901ad46be80eada7903
institution Kabale University
issn 2571-581X
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
spelling doaj-art-349fcb592ce74901ad46be80eada79032025-08-20T04:00:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2025-03-01910.3389/fsufs.2025.15009071500907Development of composite catalyst containing renewable biochar blended with zinc oxide and copper diphenyl amine for visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blueAroosha Saif0Syeda Itrat Rizvi1Zarneen Shaukat2Mamoona Saif3Sobia Tabassum4Rizwan Khalid5Fahad Javed6Nazih Y. Rebouh7Faiza Hassan8Qamar uz Zaman9Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, PakistanGlobal Master of Business Administration (MBA), Glasgow Caledonian University, London, United KingdomDepartment of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanIntroductionEffective wastewater management remains a significant challenge in Pakistan, with conventional methods often falling short in addressing the release of harmful pollutants into water bodies.MethodThis study explores the use of a novel composite photocatalyst combining biochar, zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper diphenylamine (Cu-DPA) to improve wastewater treatment under visible light. The composite was prepared by varying the Cu-DPA content in ZnO, with ratios of 50%, 40%, 30%, and 17%, alongside standard biochar ZnO and Cu-DPA formulations. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, XRD, and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to analyze the composite's properties. Photocatalytic performance was assessed by degrading Methylene Blue, a common dye pollutant, under visible light.ResultsThe results showed that while ZnO alone achieved 78% degradation, the composites with different Cu-DPA ratios demonstrated varying efficiencies, with the biochar-enhanced ZnO/Cu-DPA composite achieving the highest degradation rate of 97% in 80 min.DiscussionThis composite exhibited good reusability over seven cycles. This research highlights the potential of the biochar ZnO/Cu-DPA composite as an effective, eco-friendly solution for wastewater treatment, offering significant improvements in photocatalytic performance and sustainability.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1500907/fullvisible photocatalysismethylene blueadvanced oxidation processbiocharwastewater
spellingShingle Aroosha Saif
Syeda Itrat Rizvi
Zarneen Shaukat
Mamoona Saif
Sobia Tabassum
Rizwan Khalid
Fahad Javed
Nazih Y. Rebouh
Faiza Hassan
Qamar uz Zaman
Development of composite catalyst containing renewable biochar blended with zinc oxide and copper diphenyl amine for visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
visible photocatalysis
methylene blue
advanced oxidation process
biochar
wastewater
title Development of composite catalyst containing renewable biochar blended with zinc oxide and copper diphenyl amine for visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
title_full Development of composite catalyst containing renewable biochar blended with zinc oxide and copper diphenyl amine for visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
title_fullStr Development of composite catalyst containing renewable biochar blended with zinc oxide and copper diphenyl amine for visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
title_full_unstemmed Development of composite catalyst containing renewable biochar blended with zinc oxide and copper diphenyl amine for visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
title_short Development of composite catalyst containing renewable biochar blended with zinc oxide and copper diphenyl amine for visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
title_sort development of composite catalyst containing renewable biochar blended with zinc oxide and copper diphenyl amine for visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
topic visible photocatalysis
methylene blue
advanced oxidation process
biochar
wastewater
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1500907/full
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