Twelve month refractive and axial length changes in the Israeli refractive error, activity, and devices (iREAD) study
Abstract The Israel Refraction, Environment, and Devices (iREAD) is a longitudinal study assessing myopia risk factors in three groups of boys with distinct lifestyles. Ultra-Orthodox (N = 41), Religious (N = 53), and Secular (N = 41) boys (ages 8.6 ± 1.5 years) had eye exams at baseline and 12 mont...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97336-1 |
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| author | Einat Shneor Lisa A Ostrin Ariela Gordon-Shaag Jonathan Levine Loraine T Sinnott Lisa A Jones-Jordan Kevin Davidson Ravid Doron |
| author_facet | Einat Shneor Lisa A Ostrin Ariela Gordon-Shaag Jonathan Levine Loraine T Sinnott Lisa A Jones-Jordan Kevin Davidson Ravid Doron |
| author_sort | Einat Shneor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Israel Refraction, Environment, and Devices (iREAD) is a longitudinal study assessing myopia risk factors in three groups of boys with distinct lifestyles. Ultra-Orthodox (N = 41), Religious (N = 53), and Secular (N = 41) boys (ages 8.6 ± 1.5 years) had eye exams at baseline and 12 months, including cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length. Ocular history, education, near work, and electronic device use were assessed. Time outdoors and physical activity were measured objectively. At 12 months, myopia prevalence increased from 32 to 40% (P = 0.02), with no group differences (P > 0.05). The Ultra-Orthodox group had a more myopic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) at baseline and 12 months than the Religious and Secular groups and more myopic shift at 12 months (P < 0.05 for all). The Ultra-Orthodox group spent less time using electronic devices, more time in school, read at an earlier age, and had higher parental myopia (P < 0.01 for all). Time outdoors and activity did not differ between groups (P > 0.05 for both). In univariate and multivariate analyses, group and parental myopia were associated with greater myopic shift of SER and axial elongation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, risk factors associated with greater myopia progression included being part of the Ultra-Orthodox educational system and number of myopic parents and not screen use. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-349f3df73aa744bf8a1e7860cfae6af0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-349f3df73aa744bf8a1e7860cfae6af02025-08-20T03:05:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-97336-1Twelve month refractive and axial length changes in the Israeli refractive error, activity, and devices (iREAD) studyEinat Shneor0Lisa A Ostrin1Ariela Gordon-Shaag2Jonathan Levine3Loraine T Sinnott4Lisa A Jones-Jordan5Kevin Davidson6Ravid Doron7Department of Optometry, Jerusalem Multidisciplinary CollegeUniversity of Houston College of OptometryDepartment of Optometry, Jerusalem Multidisciplinary CollegeDepartment of Optometry, Jerusalem Multidisciplinary CollegeCollege of Optometry, The Ohio State UniversityCollege of Optometry, The Ohio State UniversityTexas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of HoustonDepartment of Optometry, Jerusalem Multidisciplinary CollegeAbstract The Israel Refraction, Environment, and Devices (iREAD) is a longitudinal study assessing myopia risk factors in three groups of boys with distinct lifestyles. Ultra-Orthodox (N = 41), Religious (N = 53), and Secular (N = 41) boys (ages 8.6 ± 1.5 years) had eye exams at baseline and 12 months, including cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length. Ocular history, education, near work, and electronic device use were assessed. Time outdoors and physical activity were measured objectively. At 12 months, myopia prevalence increased from 32 to 40% (P = 0.02), with no group differences (P > 0.05). The Ultra-Orthodox group had a more myopic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) at baseline and 12 months than the Religious and Secular groups and more myopic shift at 12 months (P < 0.05 for all). The Ultra-Orthodox group spent less time using electronic devices, more time in school, read at an earlier age, and had higher parental myopia (P < 0.01 for all). Time outdoors and activity did not differ between groups (P > 0.05 for both). In univariate and multivariate analyses, group and parental myopia were associated with greater myopic shift of SER and axial elongation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, risk factors associated with greater myopia progression included being part of the Ultra-Orthodox educational system and number of myopic parents and not screen use.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97336-1MyopiaNear workRefractive errorRisk factorsTime outdoorsWearable sensors |
| spellingShingle | Einat Shneor Lisa A Ostrin Ariela Gordon-Shaag Jonathan Levine Loraine T Sinnott Lisa A Jones-Jordan Kevin Davidson Ravid Doron Twelve month refractive and axial length changes in the Israeli refractive error, activity, and devices (iREAD) study Scientific Reports Myopia Near work Refractive error Risk factors Time outdoors Wearable sensors |
| title | Twelve month refractive and axial length changes in the Israeli refractive error, activity, and devices (iREAD) study |
| title_full | Twelve month refractive and axial length changes in the Israeli refractive error, activity, and devices (iREAD) study |
| title_fullStr | Twelve month refractive and axial length changes in the Israeli refractive error, activity, and devices (iREAD) study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Twelve month refractive and axial length changes in the Israeli refractive error, activity, and devices (iREAD) study |
| title_short | Twelve month refractive and axial length changes in the Israeli refractive error, activity, and devices (iREAD) study |
| title_sort | twelve month refractive and axial length changes in the israeli refractive error activity and devices iread study |
| topic | Myopia Near work Refractive error Risk factors Time outdoors Wearable sensors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97336-1 |
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