Cross-sectional exercise-related differences in PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, physical pain, and sleep quality in trauma-exposed adults

PurposePsychological trauma can lead to PTSD which is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. Exercise has beneficial effects on PTSD; however, the amount of exercise associated with these benefits remains unknown. To examine self-reported exercise-related differences in PTSD symptom seve...

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Main Authors: Nicholas J. SantaBarbara, Erica R. Checko, Michelle M. Pebole, James W. Whitworth
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1445144/full
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author Nicholas J. SantaBarbara
Nicholas J. SantaBarbara
Erica R. Checko
Erica R. Checko
Michelle M. Pebole
James W. Whitworth
James W. Whitworth
James W. Whitworth
James W. Whitworth
author_facet Nicholas J. SantaBarbara
Nicholas J. SantaBarbara
Erica R. Checko
Erica R. Checko
Michelle M. Pebole
James W. Whitworth
James W. Whitworth
James W. Whitworth
James W. Whitworth
author_sort Nicholas J. SantaBarbara
collection DOAJ
description PurposePsychological trauma can lead to PTSD which is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. Exercise has beneficial effects on PTSD; however, the amount of exercise associated with these benefits remains unknown. To examine self-reported exercise-related differences in PTSD symptom severity, psychological distress, pain, and sleep quality in a national sample of trauma-exposed adults.MethodsParticipants completed online assessments of exercise participation, PTSD symptom severity, psychological distress, pain, and sleep quality. Exercise level was defined as Active (≥24 on the Godin-Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire [GLTEQ]), Insufficiently Active (1–23 on the GLTEQ), or Inactive (no reported exercise). MANCOVA was used to determine the relationship between exercise level (i.e., independent variable) and all outcomes (PTSD, distress, pain, sleep) with post hoc means comparison adjusted for age.ResultsParticipants’ (n = 500) mean age was 34.9 ± 13.0, and 68% were female. The overall model for exercise was significant, such that Active participants reported less PTSD symptom severity, psychological distress, and pain, and better sleep quality than Inactive participants.ConclusionMeeting the recommended amount of weekly physical activity with moderate-to-vigorous exercise is associated with better physical and mental health among trauma survivors. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm these cross-sectional findings.
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spelling doaj-art-3483930d40bc481ba67f730f2f60f61a2025-08-20T02:07:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-06-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.14451441445144Cross-sectional exercise-related differences in PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, physical pain, and sleep quality in trauma-exposed adultsNicholas J. SantaBarbara0Nicholas J. SantaBarbara1Erica R. Checko2Erica R. Checko3Michelle M. Pebole4James W. Whitworth5James W. Whitworth6James W. Whitworth7James W. Whitworth8School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, United StatesTeachers College Columbia University, New York, NY, United StatesNational Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United StatesTranslational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United StatesTeachers College Columbia University, New York, NY, United StatesNational Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United StatesTranslational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United StatesPurposePsychological trauma can lead to PTSD which is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. Exercise has beneficial effects on PTSD; however, the amount of exercise associated with these benefits remains unknown. To examine self-reported exercise-related differences in PTSD symptom severity, psychological distress, pain, and sleep quality in a national sample of trauma-exposed adults.MethodsParticipants completed online assessments of exercise participation, PTSD symptom severity, psychological distress, pain, and sleep quality. Exercise level was defined as Active (≥24 on the Godin-Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire [GLTEQ]), Insufficiently Active (1–23 on the GLTEQ), or Inactive (no reported exercise). MANCOVA was used to determine the relationship between exercise level (i.e., independent variable) and all outcomes (PTSD, distress, pain, sleep) with post hoc means comparison adjusted for age.ResultsParticipants’ (n = 500) mean age was 34.9 ± 13.0, and 68% were female. The overall model for exercise was significant, such that Active participants reported less PTSD symptom severity, psychological distress, and pain, and better sleep quality than Inactive participants.ConclusionMeeting the recommended amount of weekly physical activity with moderate-to-vigorous exercise is associated with better physical and mental health among trauma survivors. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm these cross-sectional findings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1445144/fullposttraumatic stress disorderphysical activityexercisemental healthsleeppain
spellingShingle Nicholas J. SantaBarbara
Nicholas J. SantaBarbara
Erica R. Checko
Erica R. Checko
Michelle M. Pebole
James W. Whitworth
James W. Whitworth
James W. Whitworth
James W. Whitworth
Cross-sectional exercise-related differences in PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, physical pain, and sleep quality in trauma-exposed adults
Frontiers in Psychology
posttraumatic stress disorder
physical activity
exercise
mental health
sleep
pain
title Cross-sectional exercise-related differences in PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, physical pain, and sleep quality in trauma-exposed adults
title_full Cross-sectional exercise-related differences in PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, physical pain, and sleep quality in trauma-exposed adults
title_fullStr Cross-sectional exercise-related differences in PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, physical pain, and sleep quality in trauma-exposed adults
title_full_unstemmed Cross-sectional exercise-related differences in PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, physical pain, and sleep quality in trauma-exposed adults
title_short Cross-sectional exercise-related differences in PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, physical pain, and sleep quality in trauma-exposed adults
title_sort cross sectional exercise related differences in ptsd symptoms psychological distress physical pain and sleep quality in trauma exposed adults
topic posttraumatic stress disorder
physical activity
exercise
mental health
sleep
pain
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1445144/full
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