The Influence of Tooth Primer and Zirconia Cleaners on the Shear Bond Strength of Saliva-Contaminated Zirconia Bonded with Self-Adhesive Resin Cement
This study investigated the effectiveness of Tooth Primer and cleaning agents in removing saliva contamination from zirconia as assessed using shear bond strength (SBS). A total of 175 rectangular specimens, 10 mm in diameter and 6 mm in thickness, were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 25 eac...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Vorrawatn Pornatitanakul Awiruth Klaisiri Tool Sriamporn Somporn Swasdison Niyom Thamrongananskul |
| author_facet | Vorrawatn Pornatitanakul Awiruth Klaisiri Tool Sriamporn Somporn Swasdison Niyom Thamrongananskul |
| author_sort | Vorrawatn Pornatitanakul |
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| description | This study investigated the effectiveness of Tooth Primer and cleaning agents in removing saliva contamination from zirconia as assessed using shear bond strength (SBS). A total of 175 rectangular specimens, 10 mm in diameter and 6 mm in thickness, were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 25 each): group 1, no saliva contamination (control); group 2, saliva-contaminated and not rinsed; group 3, saliva-contaminated and rinsed; group 4, saliva-contaminated, Ivoclean-treated, and rinsed; group 5, saliva-contaminated, Katana Cleaner-treated, and rinsed; group 6, saliva-contaminated, Tooth Primer-treated, and rinsed; and group 7, saliva-contaminated, Tooth Primer-treated, and not rinsed. All zirconia specimens from groups 1–7 were bonded to composite rods with Panavia SA Luting Multi cement. The bonded specimens were subjected to the SBS test using a universal testing machine. To assess the type of failure, the debonded surface was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. The SBS data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test. The SBS values of groups 2 (0.90 ± 0.20 MPa) and 3 (1.35 ± 0.43 MPa) were significantly lower compared with the other groups (<i>p</i> = 0.00). The SBS value of zirconia decontamination using Ivoclean in group 4 (18.51 ± 3.01 MPa) was significantly lower than that of the control group (22.24 ± 2.37 MPa) (<i>p</i> = 0.00). However, the SBS values of groups 5 (20.92 ± 2.63 MPa), 6 (21.43 ± 2.81 MPa), and 7 (20.87 ± 2.35 MPa) did not significantly differ compared with the control group (22.24 ± 2.37 MPa) <i>(p</i> = 0.369, <i>p</i> = 0.861, <i>p</i> = 0.327, respectively). Moreover, SBS values did not significantly differ among groups 5 to 7 (<i>p</i> = 0.984, <i>p</i> = 1.00, <i>p</i> = 0.976, respectively). Regarding failure mode, groups 2 and 3 exclusively experienced adhesive failures. Groups 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 exhibited adhesive and mixed failures. In conclusion, Ivoclean, Katana Cleaner, and Tooth Primer effectively mitigated the adverse effects of saliva contamination on the resin cement–zirconia interface. Furthermore, Tooth Primer can be used as a cleaner for saliva-contaminated zirconia surfaces, with or without rinsing. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-348022b1a6404967b8af6c6c8fe4e09b2025-08-20T02:17:14ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01158456110.3390/app15084561The Influence of Tooth Primer and Zirconia Cleaners on the Shear Bond Strength of Saliva-Contaminated Zirconia Bonded with Self-Adhesive Resin CementVorrawatn Pornatitanakul0Awiruth Klaisiri1Tool Sriamporn2Somporn Swasdison3Niyom Thamrongananskul4Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDivision of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandCollege of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, ThailandCollege of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, ThailandDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandThis study investigated the effectiveness of Tooth Primer and cleaning agents in removing saliva contamination from zirconia as assessed using shear bond strength (SBS). A total of 175 rectangular specimens, 10 mm in diameter and 6 mm in thickness, were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 25 each): group 1, no saliva contamination (control); group 2, saliva-contaminated and not rinsed; group 3, saliva-contaminated and rinsed; group 4, saliva-contaminated, Ivoclean-treated, and rinsed; group 5, saliva-contaminated, Katana Cleaner-treated, and rinsed; group 6, saliva-contaminated, Tooth Primer-treated, and rinsed; and group 7, saliva-contaminated, Tooth Primer-treated, and not rinsed. All zirconia specimens from groups 1–7 were bonded to composite rods with Panavia SA Luting Multi cement. The bonded specimens were subjected to the SBS test using a universal testing machine. To assess the type of failure, the debonded surface was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. The SBS data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test. The SBS values of groups 2 (0.90 ± 0.20 MPa) and 3 (1.35 ± 0.43 MPa) were significantly lower compared with the other groups (<i>p</i> = 0.00). The SBS value of zirconia decontamination using Ivoclean in group 4 (18.51 ± 3.01 MPa) was significantly lower than that of the control group (22.24 ± 2.37 MPa) (<i>p</i> = 0.00). However, the SBS values of groups 5 (20.92 ± 2.63 MPa), 6 (21.43 ± 2.81 MPa), and 7 (20.87 ± 2.35 MPa) did not significantly differ compared with the control group (22.24 ± 2.37 MPa) <i>(p</i> = 0.369, <i>p</i> = 0.861, <i>p</i> = 0.327, respectively). Moreover, SBS values did not significantly differ among groups 5 to 7 (<i>p</i> = 0.984, <i>p</i> = 1.00, <i>p</i> = 0.976, respectively). Regarding failure mode, groups 2 and 3 exclusively experienced adhesive failures. Groups 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 exhibited adhesive and mixed failures. In conclusion, Ivoclean, Katana Cleaner, and Tooth Primer effectively mitigated the adverse effects of saliva contamination on the resin cement–zirconia interface. Furthermore, Tooth Primer can be used as a cleaner for saliva-contaminated zirconia surfaces, with or without rinsing.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4561bond strengthresin cementsaliva contaminationzirconia cleaner |
| spellingShingle | Vorrawatn Pornatitanakul Awiruth Klaisiri Tool Sriamporn Somporn Swasdison Niyom Thamrongananskul The Influence of Tooth Primer and Zirconia Cleaners on the Shear Bond Strength of Saliva-Contaminated Zirconia Bonded with Self-Adhesive Resin Cement Applied Sciences bond strength resin cement saliva contamination zirconia cleaner |
| title | The Influence of Tooth Primer and Zirconia Cleaners on the Shear Bond Strength of Saliva-Contaminated Zirconia Bonded with Self-Adhesive Resin Cement |
| title_full | The Influence of Tooth Primer and Zirconia Cleaners on the Shear Bond Strength of Saliva-Contaminated Zirconia Bonded with Self-Adhesive Resin Cement |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of Tooth Primer and Zirconia Cleaners on the Shear Bond Strength of Saliva-Contaminated Zirconia Bonded with Self-Adhesive Resin Cement |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Tooth Primer and Zirconia Cleaners on the Shear Bond Strength of Saliva-Contaminated Zirconia Bonded with Self-Adhesive Resin Cement |
| title_short | The Influence of Tooth Primer and Zirconia Cleaners on the Shear Bond Strength of Saliva-Contaminated Zirconia Bonded with Self-Adhesive Resin Cement |
| title_sort | influence of tooth primer and zirconia cleaners on the shear bond strength of saliva contaminated zirconia bonded with self adhesive resin cement |
| topic | bond strength resin cement saliva contamination zirconia cleaner |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4561 |
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