Clinical Characterization of a National Cohort of Patients With Germline WT1 Variants Including Late-Onset Phenotypes

Introduction: WT1 disorder is a recently introduced term for phenotypes associated with germline Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) variants, including glomerulopathy, urogenital anomalies, and Wilms tumor. Previous studies showed a bias toward missense variants in the DNA-binding/Zinc-finger domain of WT1 (exon 8...

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Main Authors: Sophie E. van Peer, Roland P. Kuiper, Janna A. Hol, Sanne Egging, Bert van der Zwaag, Marc R. Lilien, M. Paola Lombardi, Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Marjolijn C.J. Jongmans
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Kidney International Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024924019259
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author Sophie E. van Peer
Roland P. Kuiper
Janna A. Hol
Sanne Egging
Bert van der Zwaag
Marc R. Lilien
M. Paola Lombardi
Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink
Marjolijn C.J. Jongmans
author_facet Sophie E. van Peer
Roland P. Kuiper
Janna A. Hol
Sanne Egging
Bert van der Zwaag
Marc R. Lilien
M. Paola Lombardi
Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink
Marjolijn C.J. Jongmans
author_sort Sophie E. van Peer
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: WT1 disorder is a recently introduced term for phenotypes associated with germline Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) variants, including glomerulopathy, urogenital anomalies, and Wilms tumor. Previous studies showed a bias toward missense variants in the DNA-binding/Zinc-finger domain of WT1 (exon 8 and 9) and patients with early-onset glomerulopathy. Thorough genotype-phenotype correlations including follow-up data on late-onset glomerulopathy risk are lacking. To characterize the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of WT1 disorder, we describe a national cohort of individuals with WT1 variants. Methods: We requested clinical and genetic data of all patients with germline WT1 variants at all Dutch genetic laboratories. Results: We identified 43 patients with pathogenic WT1 variants (truncating, n = 19; missense, n = 13; splice-site, n = 7; and deletions, n = 4). Wilms tumor was the only clinical manifestation in 10 patients, of whom 9 were female. Wilms tumor occurred in 18 of 19 patients with truncating variants, in 4 of 4 patients with deletions, and was rarer in patients with missense or splice-site variants. All patients with missense and 6 of 7 with splice-site variants developed chronic kidney disease (CKD) versus 5 of 19 patients with truncating variants (3 in adulthood, with kidney failure at the age of 24, 26, and 41 years) and 1 of 4 with a deletion. Urogenital malformations occurred predominantly in 46,XY individuals. Conclusion: Among patients with WT1 variants, a genotype-phenotype correlation was observed for Wilms tumor risk and age of CKD onset. Although childhood-onset CKD was more common in patients with missense variants in the DNA-binding/Zinc-finger domain, other patients may develop CKD and kidney failure later in life. Therefore, life-long surveillance of kidney function is recommended. Being alert about WT1 variants is especially important for girls with Wilms tumor who often miss additional phenotypes.
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spelling doaj-art-3457d0bcaa8b441d9f34c3cd473a25ee2025-08-20T02:05:52ZengElsevierKidney International Reports2468-02492024-12-019123570357910.1016/j.ekir.2024.09.007Clinical Characterization of a National Cohort of Patients With Germline WT1 Variants Including Late-Onset PhenotypesSophie E. van Peer0Roland P. Kuiper1Janna A. Hol2Sanne Egging3Bert van der Zwaag4Marc R. Lilien5M. Paola Lombardi6Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink7Marjolijn C.J. Jongmans8Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Correspondence: Sophie E. van Peer, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25 Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CS, the Netherlands.Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the NetherlandsPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Genome Diagnostics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Child Health, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the NetherlandsPrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the NetherlandsIntroduction: WT1 disorder is a recently introduced term for phenotypes associated with germline Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) variants, including glomerulopathy, urogenital anomalies, and Wilms tumor. Previous studies showed a bias toward missense variants in the DNA-binding/Zinc-finger domain of WT1 (exon 8 and 9) and patients with early-onset glomerulopathy. Thorough genotype-phenotype correlations including follow-up data on late-onset glomerulopathy risk are lacking. To characterize the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of WT1 disorder, we describe a national cohort of individuals with WT1 variants. Methods: We requested clinical and genetic data of all patients with germline WT1 variants at all Dutch genetic laboratories. Results: We identified 43 patients with pathogenic WT1 variants (truncating, n = 19; missense, n = 13; splice-site, n = 7; and deletions, n = 4). Wilms tumor was the only clinical manifestation in 10 patients, of whom 9 were female. Wilms tumor occurred in 18 of 19 patients with truncating variants, in 4 of 4 patients with deletions, and was rarer in patients with missense or splice-site variants. All patients with missense and 6 of 7 with splice-site variants developed chronic kidney disease (CKD) versus 5 of 19 patients with truncating variants (3 in adulthood, with kidney failure at the age of 24, 26, and 41 years) and 1 of 4 with a deletion. Urogenital malformations occurred predominantly in 46,XY individuals. Conclusion: Among patients with WT1 variants, a genotype-phenotype correlation was observed for Wilms tumor risk and age of CKD onset. Although childhood-onset CKD was more common in patients with missense variants in the DNA-binding/Zinc-finger domain, other patients may develop CKD and kidney failure later in life. Therefore, life-long surveillance of kidney function is recommended. Being alert about WT1 variants is especially important for girls with Wilms tumor who often miss additional phenotypes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024924019259Denys-DrashWilms tumorWT1
spellingShingle Sophie E. van Peer
Roland P. Kuiper
Janna A. Hol
Sanne Egging
Bert van der Zwaag
Marc R. Lilien
M. Paola Lombardi
Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink
Marjolijn C.J. Jongmans
Clinical Characterization of a National Cohort of Patients With Germline WT1 Variants Including Late-Onset Phenotypes
Kidney International Reports
Denys-Drash
Wilms tumor
WT1
title Clinical Characterization of a National Cohort of Patients With Germline WT1 Variants Including Late-Onset Phenotypes
title_full Clinical Characterization of a National Cohort of Patients With Germline WT1 Variants Including Late-Onset Phenotypes
title_fullStr Clinical Characterization of a National Cohort of Patients With Germline WT1 Variants Including Late-Onset Phenotypes
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Characterization of a National Cohort of Patients With Germline WT1 Variants Including Late-Onset Phenotypes
title_short Clinical Characterization of a National Cohort of Patients With Germline WT1 Variants Including Late-Onset Phenotypes
title_sort clinical characterization of a national cohort of patients with germline wt1 variants including late onset phenotypes
topic Denys-Drash
Wilms tumor
WT1
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024924019259
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