Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: Vascular Pathophysiology
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular symptoms: insulin resistance (IR), obesity, dyslipemia. Hypertension and vascular disorders are central to this syndrome. After a brief historical review, we discuss the role of sympathetic tone. Subsequently, we examine the link betwee...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2013-01-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Hypertension |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/230868 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832567576088018944 |
|---|---|
| author | Yolanda Mendizábal Silvia Llorens Eduardo Nava |
| author_facet | Yolanda Mendizábal Silvia Llorens Eduardo Nava |
| author_sort | Yolanda Mendizábal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular symptoms: insulin resistance (IR), obesity, dyslipemia. Hypertension and vascular disorders are central to this syndrome. After a brief historical review, we discuss the role of sympathetic tone. Subsequently, we examine the link between endothelial dysfunction and IR. NO is involved in the insulin-elicited capillary vasodilatation. The insulin-signaling pathways causing NO release are different to the classical. There is a vasodilatory pathway with activation of NO synthase through Akt, and a vasoconstrictor pathway that involves the release of endothelin-1 via MAPK. IR is associated with an imbalance between both pathways in favour of the vasoconstrictor one. We also consider the link between hypertension and IR: the insulin hypothesis of hypertension. Next we discuss the importance of perivascular adipose tissue and the role of adipokines that possess vasoactive properties. Finally, animal models used in the study of vascular function of metabolic syndrome are reviewed. In particular, the Zucker fatty rat and the spontaneously hypertensive obese rat (SHROB). This one suffers macro- and microvascular malfunction due to a failure in the NO system and an abnormally high release of vasoconstrictor prostaglandins, all this alleviated with glitazones used for metabolic syndrome therapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-344e9638971f46c0a4940f011aaffc9b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-0384 2090-0392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Hypertension |
| spelling | doaj-art-344e9638971f46c0a4940f011aaffc9b2025-02-03T01:01:04ZengWileyInternational Journal of Hypertension2090-03842090-03922013-01-01201310.1155/2013/230868230868Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: Vascular PathophysiologyYolanda Mendizábal0Silvia Llorens1Eduardo Nava2Department of Medical Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), 02006 Albacete, SpainDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), 02006 Albacete, SpainDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), 02006 Albacete, SpainMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular symptoms: insulin resistance (IR), obesity, dyslipemia. Hypertension and vascular disorders are central to this syndrome. After a brief historical review, we discuss the role of sympathetic tone. Subsequently, we examine the link between endothelial dysfunction and IR. NO is involved in the insulin-elicited capillary vasodilatation. The insulin-signaling pathways causing NO release are different to the classical. There is a vasodilatory pathway with activation of NO synthase through Akt, and a vasoconstrictor pathway that involves the release of endothelin-1 via MAPK. IR is associated with an imbalance between both pathways in favour of the vasoconstrictor one. We also consider the link between hypertension and IR: the insulin hypothesis of hypertension. Next we discuss the importance of perivascular adipose tissue and the role of adipokines that possess vasoactive properties. Finally, animal models used in the study of vascular function of metabolic syndrome are reviewed. In particular, the Zucker fatty rat and the spontaneously hypertensive obese rat (SHROB). This one suffers macro- and microvascular malfunction due to a failure in the NO system and an abnormally high release of vasoconstrictor prostaglandins, all this alleviated with glitazones used for metabolic syndrome therapy.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/230868 |
| spellingShingle | Yolanda Mendizábal Silvia Llorens Eduardo Nava Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: Vascular Pathophysiology International Journal of Hypertension |
| title | Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: Vascular Pathophysiology |
| title_full | Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: Vascular Pathophysiology |
| title_fullStr | Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: Vascular Pathophysiology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: Vascular Pathophysiology |
| title_short | Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: Vascular Pathophysiology |
| title_sort | hypertension in metabolic syndrome vascular pathophysiology |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/230868 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yolandamendizabal hypertensioninmetabolicsyndromevascularpathophysiology AT silviallorens hypertensioninmetabolicsyndromevascularpathophysiology AT eduardonava hypertensioninmetabolicsyndromevascularpathophysiology |