A Multivariable Probability Density-Based Auto-Reconstruction Bi-LSTM Soft Sensor for Predicting Effluent BOD in Wastewater Treatment Plants

The precise detection of effluent biological oxygen demand (BOD) is crucial for the stable operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, existing detection methods struggle to meet the evolving drainage standards and management requirements. To address this issue, this paper proposed a...

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Main Authors: Wenting Li, Yonggang Li, Dong Li, Jiayi Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7508
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author Wenting Li
Yonggang Li
Dong Li
Jiayi Zhou
author_facet Wenting Li
Yonggang Li
Dong Li
Jiayi Zhou
author_sort Wenting Li
collection DOAJ
description The precise detection of effluent biological oxygen demand (BOD) is crucial for the stable operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, existing detection methods struggle to meet the evolving drainage standards and management requirements. To address this issue, this paper proposed a multivariable probability density-based auto-reconstruction bidirectional long short-term memory (MPDAR-Bi-LSTM) soft sensor for predicting effluent BOD, enhancing the prediction accuracy and efficiency. Firstly, the selection of appropriate auxiliary variables for soft-sensor modeling is determined through the calculation of k-nearest-neighbor mutual information (KNN-MI) values between the global process variables and effluent BOD. Subsequently, considering the existence of strong interactions among different reaction tanks, a Bi-LSTM neural network prediction model is constructed with historical data. Then, a multivariate probability density-based auto-reconstruction (MPDAR) strategy is developed for adaptive updating of the prediction model, thereby enhancing its robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed soft sensor is demonstrated through experiments using the dataset from Benchmark Simulation Model No.1 (BSM1). The experimental results indicate that the proposed soft sensor not only outperforms some traditional models in terms of prediction performance but also excels in avoiding ineffective model reconstructions in scenarios involving complex dynamic wastewater treatment conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-3444eddcbd4e4e53b6bb86cce52436c82024-12-13T16:31:46ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-11-012423750810.3390/s24237508A Multivariable Probability Density-Based Auto-Reconstruction Bi-LSTM Soft Sensor for Predicting Effluent BOD in Wastewater Treatment PlantsWenting Li0Yonggang Li1Dong Li2Jiayi Zhou3School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaThe precise detection of effluent biological oxygen demand (BOD) is crucial for the stable operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, existing detection methods struggle to meet the evolving drainage standards and management requirements. To address this issue, this paper proposed a multivariable probability density-based auto-reconstruction bidirectional long short-term memory (MPDAR-Bi-LSTM) soft sensor for predicting effluent BOD, enhancing the prediction accuracy and efficiency. Firstly, the selection of appropriate auxiliary variables for soft-sensor modeling is determined through the calculation of k-nearest-neighbor mutual information (KNN-MI) values between the global process variables and effluent BOD. Subsequently, considering the existence of strong interactions among different reaction tanks, a Bi-LSTM neural network prediction model is constructed with historical data. Then, a multivariate probability density-based auto-reconstruction (MPDAR) strategy is developed for adaptive updating of the prediction model, thereby enhancing its robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed soft sensor is demonstrated through experiments using the dataset from Benchmark Simulation Model No.1 (BSM1). The experimental results indicate that the proposed soft sensor not only outperforms some traditional models in terms of prediction performance but also excels in avoiding ineffective model reconstructions in scenarios involving complex dynamic wastewater treatment conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7508effluent BODsoft sensorBi-LSTMMPDAR strategywastewater treatment
spellingShingle Wenting Li
Yonggang Li
Dong Li
Jiayi Zhou
A Multivariable Probability Density-Based Auto-Reconstruction Bi-LSTM Soft Sensor for Predicting Effluent BOD in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Sensors
effluent BOD
soft sensor
Bi-LSTM
MPDAR strategy
wastewater treatment
title A Multivariable Probability Density-Based Auto-Reconstruction Bi-LSTM Soft Sensor for Predicting Effluent BOD in Wastewater Treatment Plants
title_full A Multivariable Probability Density-Based Auto-Reconstruction Bi-LSTM Soft Sensor for Predicting Effluent BOD in Wastewater Treatment Plants
title_fullStr A Multivariable Probability Density-Based Auto-Reconstruction Bi-LSTM Soft Sensor for Predicting Effluent BOD in Wastewater Treatment Plants
title_full_unstemmed A Multivariable Probability Density-Based Auto-Reconstruction Bi-LSTM Soft Sensor for Predicting Effluent BOD in Wastewater Treatment Plants
title_short A Multivariable Probability Density-Based Auto-Reconstruction Bi-LSTM Soft Sensor for Predicting Effluent BOD in Wastewater Treatment Plants
title_sort multivariable probability density based auto reconstruction bi lstm soft sensor for predicting effluent bod in wastewater treatment plants
topic effluent BOD
soft sensor
Bi-LSTM
MPDAR strategy
wastewater treatment
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7508
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