On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GIC
Abstract Faraday's law of induction is responsible for setting up a geoelectric field due to the variations in the geomagnetic field caused by ionospheric currents. This drives geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) which flow in large ground‐based technological infrastructure such as high‐vol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002497 |
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| author | A. P. Dimmock L. Rosenqvist D. T. Welling A. Viljanen I. Honkonen R. J. Boynton E. Yordanova |
| author_facet | A. P. Dimmock L. Rosenqvist D. T. Welling A. Viljanen I. Honkonen R. J. Boynton E. Yordanova |
| author_sort | A. P. Dimmock |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Faraday's law of induction is responsible for setting up a geoelectric field due to the variations in the geomagnetic field caused by ionospheric currents. This drives geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) which flow in large ground‐based technological infrastructure such as high‐voltage power lines. The geoelectric field is often a localized phenomenon exhibiting significant variations over spatial scales of only hundreds of kilometers. This is due to the complex spatiotemporal behavior of electrical currents flowing in the ionosphere and/or large gradients in the ground conductivity due to highly structured local geological properties. Over some regions, and during large storms, both of these effects become significant. In this study, we quantify the regional variability of dB/dt using closely placed IMAGE stations in northern Fennoscandia. The dependency between regional variability, solar wind conditions, and geomagnetic indices are also investigated. Finally, we assess the significance of spatial geomagnetic variations to modeling GICs across a transmission line. Key results from this study are as follows: (1) Regional geomagnetic disturbances are important in modeling GIC during strong storms; (2) dB/dt can vary by several times up to a factor of three compared to the spatial average; (3) dB/dt and its regional variation is coupled to the energy deposited into the magnetosphere; and (4) regional variability can be more accurately captured and predicted from a local index as opposed to a global one. These results demonstrate the need for denser magnetometer networks at high latitudes where transmission lines extending hundreds of kilometers are present. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-343eed10ffa64e4b80395cb697081d2c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-343eed10ffa64e4b80395cb697081d2c2025-01-14T16:27:11ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902020-08-01188n/an/a10.1029/2020SW002497On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GICA. P. Dimmock0L. Rosenqvist1D. T. Welling2A. Viljanen3I. Honkonen4R. J. Boynton5E. Yordanova6Swedish Institute of Space Physics Uppsala SwedenSwedish Research Defence Agency Stockholm SwedenDepartment of Physics University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USAFinnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki FinlandFinnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki FinlandDepartment of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield UKSwedish Institute of Space Physics Uppsala SwedenAbstract Faraday's law of induction is responsible for setting up a geoelectric field due to the variations in the geomagnetic field caused by ionospheric currents. This drives geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) which flow in large ground‐based technological infrastructure such as high‐voltage power lines. The geoelectric field is often a localized phenomenon exhibiting significant variations over spatial scales of only hundreds of kilometers. This is due to the complex spatiotemporal behavior of electrical currents flowing in the ionosphere and/or large gradients in the ground conductivity due to highly structured local geological properties. Over some regions, and during large storms, both of these effects become significant. In this study, we quantify the regional variability of dB/dt using closely placed IMAGE stations in northern Fennoscandia. The dependency between regional variability, solar wind conditions, and geomagnetic indices are also investigated. Finally, we assess the significance of spatial geomagnetic variations to modeling GICs across a transmission line. Key results from this study are as follows: (1) Regional geomagnetic disturbances are important in modeling GIC during strong storms; (2) dB/dt can vary by several times up to a factor of three compared to the spatial average; (3) dB/dt and its regional variation is coupled to the energy deposited into the magnetosphere; and (4) regional variability can be more accurately captured and predicted from a local index as opposed to a global one. These results demonstrate the need for denser magnetometer networks at high latitudes where transmission lines extending hundreds of kilometers are present.https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002497space weatherGICpower gridmagnetic stormsgeoelectric fieldground conductivity |
| spellingShingle | A. P. Dimmock L. Rosenqvist D. T. Welling A. Viljanen I. Honkonen R. J. Boynton E. Yordanova On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GIC Space Weather space weather GIC power grid magnetic storms geoelectric field ground conductivity |
| title | On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GIC |
| title_full | On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GIC |
| title_fullStr | On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GIC |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GIC |
| title_short | On the Regional Variability of dB/dt and Its Significance to GIC |
| title_sort | on the regional variability of db dt and its significance to gic |
| topic | space weather GIC power grid magnetic storms geoelectric field ground conductivity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002497 |
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