Non-occupational exposure to trace elements in Finland – Urinary and blood biomonitoring study
The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to trace elements of the non-occupationally exposed, non-smoking, working-age population in Finland, and to provide reference values for these trace elements in the urine and blood. Urine samples were analysed for 30 trace elements and blood samples f...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Environmental Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765725000341 |
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| author | Simo P. Porras Juha Tuovila Tiina Santonen |
| author_facet | Simo P. Porras Juha Tuovila Tiina Santonen |
| author_sort | Simo P. Porras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to trace elements of the non-occupationally exposed, non-smoking, working-age population in Finland, and to provide reference values for these trace elements in the urine and blood. Urine samples were analysed for 30 trace elements and blood samples for eight elements. The samplings took place in 2020.In the urine samples (n = 147), most of the studied trace elements were quantifiable; only the indium and iridium results were below the limit of quantification. In the blood samples (n = 143), all the trace elements were quantifiable. The results regarding four trace elements in the urine and five trace elements in the blood were statistically different among the females to those among the males. In most cases, exposure was higher among the females than the males. An age-dependent trend was only observed in the results regarding lead in blood and copper in urine. In comparison to data from other countries, the blood lead levels were lower in Finland, but urinary arsenic and selenium levels were generally higher.The results of this study will be used to set reference values for use in occupational health. We emphasize that it is important to use an appropriate reference population to identify occupational exposure to trace elements when setting reference values. Especially when considering a reduction in occupational exposure limit values and the corresponding health-based biological limit values for trace elements, it is essential to understand that the background population exposure varies to correctly interpret the data from occupationally exposed populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-343bc417a12140b8a76ad49e6f9ac3b5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-7657 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Advances |
| spelling | doaj-art-343bc417a12140b8a76ad49e6f9ac3b52025-08-20T03:26:39ZengElsevierEnvironmental Advances2666-76572025-07-012010064210.1016/j.envadv.2025.100642Non-occupational exposure to trace elements in Finland – Urinary and blood biomonitoring studySimo P. Porras0Juha Tuovila1Tiina Santonen2Corresponding author.; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, Työterveyslaitos FI-00032, FinlandFinnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, Työterveyslaitos FI-00032, FinlandFinnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, Työterveyslaitos FI-00032, FinlandThe aim of this study was to assess the exposure to trace elements of the non-occupationally exposed, non-smoking, working-age population in Finland, and to provide reference values for these trace elements in the urine and blood. Urine samples were analysed for 30 trace elements and blood samples for eight elements. The samplings took place in 2020.In the urine samples (n = 147), most of the studied trace elements were quantifiable; only the indium and iridium results were below the limit of quantification. In the blood samples (n = 143), all the trace elements were quantifiable. The results regarding four trace elements in the urine and five trace elements in the blood were statistically different among the females to those among the males. In most cases, exposure was higher among the females than the males. An age-dependent trend was only observed in the results regarding lead in blood and copper in urine. In comparison to data from other countries, the blood lead levels were lower in Finland, but urinary arsenic and selenium levels were generally higher.The results of this study will be used to set reference values for use in occupational health. We emphasize that it is important to use an appropriate reference population to identify occupational exposure to trace elements when setting reference values. Especially when considering a reduction in occupational exposure limit values and the corresponding health-based biological limit values for trace elements, it is essential to understand that the background population exposure varies to correctly interpret the data from occupationally exposed populations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765725000341Environmental exposureBiological sampleChemical analysisMetalsICP-MSNon-occupationally exposed |
| spellingShingle | Simo P. Porras Juha Tuovila Tiina Santonen Non-occupational exposure to trace elements in Finland – Urinary and blood biomonitoring study Environmental Advances Environmental exposure Biological sample Chemical analysis Metals ICP-MS Non-occupationally exposed |
| title | Non-occupational exposure to trace elements in Finland – Urinary and blood biomonitoring study |
| title_full | Non-occupational exposure to trace elements in Finland – Urinary and blood biomonitoring study |
| title_fullStr | Non-occupational exposure to trace elements in Finland – Urinary and blood biomonitoring study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-occupational exposure to trace elements in Finland – Urinary and blood biomonitoring study |
| title_short | Non-occupational exposure to trace elements in Finland – Urinary and blood biomonitoring study |
| title_sort | non occupational exposure to trace elements in finland urinary and blood biomonitoring study |
| topic | Environmental exposure Biological sample Chemical analysis Metals ICP-MS Non-occupationally exposed |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765725000341 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT simopporras nonoccupationalexposuretotraceelementsinfinlandurinaryandbloodbiomonitoringstudy AT juhatuovila nonoccupationalexposuretotraceelementsinfinlandurinaryandbloodbiomonitoringstudy AT tiinasantonen nonoccupationalexposuretotraceelementsinfinlandurinaryandbloodbiomonitoringstudy |