Contribution of Sex Differences to Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
Sex differences are a complex and crucial variable in developing and progressing metabolic and cardiovascular disease pathophysiology and clinical outcomes. The female sex, compared to the male sex, is protected from metabolic disturbances and their resulting cardiovascular events. However, the pecu...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Translational Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8937/4/4/52 |
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| author | Lucy C. Taylor Gertrude Arthur Marcella de Carvalho Cruz David E. Stec Olufunto O. Badmus |
| author_facet | Lucy C. Taylor Gertrude Arthur Marcella de Carvalho Cruz David E. Stec Olufunto O. Badmus |
| author_sort | Lucy C. Taylor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sex differences are a complex and crucial variable in developing and progressing metabolic and cardiovascular disease pathophysiology and clinical outcomes. The female sex, compared to the male sex, is protected from metabolic disturbances and their resulting cardiovascular events. However, the peculiar life phases associated with females, such as puberty, pregnancy, and premenopausal and menopausal stages, are all associated with different risks for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a condition of hepatic steatosis, and at least one feature of metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The risk of MASLD and its progression to the development of CVD differs between men and women. Differences in several factors, including formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 2, adipose tissue distribution, liver pyruvate kinase (LPK), and ketone body production, may underlie the sex differences in the risk of development of MASLD-induced CVD. Understanding the specific risk factors involved in the development and progression of MASLD between the sexes is crucial. This knowledge will provide important insights into the mechanisms responsible for its cardiovascular complications and can potentially lead to therapeutics targeted explicitly for each sex, offering new hope in the fight against MASLD-induced CVD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-343964d543ca4e1d836bf79587f81ed3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2673-8937 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Translational Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-343964d543ca4e1d836bf79587f81ed32025-08-20T02:50:53ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Translational Medicine2673-89372024-12-014478280910.3390/ijtm4040052Contribution of Sex Differences to Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)Lucy C. Taylor0Gertrude Arthur1Marcella de Carvalho Cruz2David E. Stec3Olufunto O. Badmus4Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MI 39216, USADepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MI 39216, USADepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MI 39216, USADepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MI 39216, USADepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MI 39216, USASex differences are a complex and crucial variable in developing and progressing metabolic and cardiovascular disease pathophysiology and clinical outcomes. The female sex, compared to the male sex, is protected from metabolic disturbances and their resulting cardiovascular events. However, the peculiar life phases associated with females, such as puberty, pregnancy, and premenopausal and menopausal stages, are all associated with different risks for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a condition of hepatic steatosis, and at least one feature of metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The risk of MASLD and its progression to the development of CVD differs between men and women. Differences in several factors, including formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 2, adipose tissue distribution, liver pyruvate kinase (LPK), and ketone body production, may underlie the sex differences in the risk of development of MASLD-induced CVD. Understanding the specific risk factors involved in the development and progression of MASLD between the sexes is crucial. This knowledge will provide important insights into the mechanisms responsible for its cardiovascular complications and can potentially lead to therapeutics targeted explicitly for each sex, offering new hope in the fight against MASLD-induced CVD.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8937/4/4/52fatty liver diseasesex differencesestrogensexual dimorphism |
| spellingShingle | Lucy C. Taylor Gertrude Arthur Marcella de Carvalho Cruz David E. Stec Olufunto O. Badmus Contribution of Sex Differences to Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) International Journal of Translational Medicine fatty liver disease sex differences estrogen sexual dimorphism |
| title | Contribution of Sex Differences to Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) |
| title_full | Contribution of Sex Differences to Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) |
| title_fullStr | Contribution of Sex Differences to Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribution of Sex Differences to Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) |
| title_short | Contribution of Sex Differences to Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) |
| title_sort | contribution of sex differences to development of cardiovascular disease in metabolic associated steatotic liver disease masld |
| topic | fatty liver disease sex differences estrogen sexual dimorphism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8937/4/4/52 |
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