Potential of <i>Candida bombicola</i> URM 3718 Biosurfactant for Application in Removal of Motor Oil Adsorbed on Soils
Soil contamination by petroleum derivatives is a growing environmental issue that affects ecosystems and human health, since the hydrocarbons present in them are persistent and toxic, compromising soil quality and biodiversity. This study investigated the potential of a biosurfactant from <i>C...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Pollyana P. Nascimento Hugo M. Meira Elias J. Silva Attilio Converti Raquel D. Rufino Leonie A. Sarubbo |
| author_facet | Pollyana P. Nascimento Hugo M. Meira Elias J. Silva Attilio Converti Raquel D. Rufino Leonie A. Sarubbo |
| author_sort | Pollyana P. Nascimento |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil contamination by petroleum derivatives is a growing environmental issue that affects ecosystems and human health, since the hydrocarbons present in them are persistent and toxic, compromising soil quality and biodiversity. This study investigated the potential of a biosurfactant from <i>Candida bombicola</i> URM 3718, to be applied to remove oils from contaminated soils. After isolation, its main surface-active characteristics were evaluated. The biomolecule was then characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy analyses, and its ability to remove motor oil adsorbed on soils with different particle sizes and its genotoxicity profile were determined. Tests to determine surfactant activities revealed a reduction in water surface tension to 30 mN/m with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.03 g/L. The surfactant was shown to have a glycolipid nature. The removal of burned engine oil sorbed on various kinds of soil was investigated in both static and kinetic assays using the biosurfactant at different concentrations, namely, ½ CMC (0.015 g/L), CMC (0.03 g/L), and 2 × CMC (0.06 g/L). In the static tests, the maximum removal percentage was 65.32% for burned engine oil adsorbed on sandy soil, 59.04% on silty soil, and 57.42% on clayey soil, while in the kinetic tests, this parameter reached 98.60%, 93.22%, and 92.55% for sandy, silty, and clayey soils, respectively. The genotoxicity profile evaluated in <i>Allium cepa</i> roots did not reveal necrosis or the occurrence of micronuclei in the plant root cap cells, demonstrating that the biomolecule thus produced is not toxic. Such findings, when taken together, indicate that the <i>C. bombicola</i> URM 3718 biosurfactant was effective in removing oils and could, therefore, be used as an alternative agent for remediating hydrocarbon-polluted soil. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-34340b6855d243ef86c5543fa1ca90c4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2571-9637 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Surfaces |
| spelling | doaj-art-34340b6855d243ef86c5543fa1ca90c42025-08-20T03:43:57ZengMDPI AGSurfaces2571-96372025-02-01811410.3390/surfaces8010014Potential of <i>Candida bombicola</i> URM 3718 Biosurfactant for Application in Removal of Motor Oil Adsorbed on SoilsPollyana P. Nascimento0Hugo M. Meira1Elias J. Silva2Attilio Converti3Raquel D. Rufino4Leonie A. Sarubbo5Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, BrazilInstituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50070-280, PE, BrazilDepartamento de Química Fundamental-DQF, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Jornalistas, Aníbal Fernandes, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, BrazilDepartment of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, University of Genoa (UNIGE), Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, ItalyUniversidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP), Rua do Príncipe, 526, Boa Vista, Recife 50050-900, PE, BrazilInstituto Avançado de Tecnologia e Inovação (IATI), Rua Potyra, 31, Prado, Recife 50070-280, PE, BrazilSoil contamination by petroleum derivatives is a growing environmental issue that affects ecosystems and human health, since the hydrocarbons present in them are persistent and toxic, compromising soil quality and biodiversity. This study investigated the potential of a biosurfactant from <i>Candida bombicola</i> URM 3718, to be applied to remove oils from contaminated soils. After isolation, its main surface-active characteristics were evaluated. The biomolecule was then characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy analyses, and its ability to remove motor oil adsorbed on soils with different particle sizes and its genotoxicity profile were determined. Tests to determine surfactant activities revealed a reduction in water surface tension to 30 mN/m with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.03 g/L. The surfactant was shown to have a glycolipid nature. The removal of burned engine oil sorbed on various kinds of soil was investigated in both static and kinetic assays using the biosurfactant at different concentrations, namely, ½ CMC (0.015 g/L), CMC (0.03 g/L), and 2 × CMC (0.06 g/L). In the static tests, the maximum removal percentage was 65.32% for burned engine oil adsorbed on sandy soil, 59.04% on silty soil, and 57.42% on clayey soil, while in the kinetic tests, this parameter reached 98.60%, 93.22%, and 92.55% for sandy, silty, and clayey soils, respectively. The genotoxicity profile evaluated in <i>Allium cepa</i> roots did not reveal necrosis or the occurrence of micronuclei in the plant root cap cells, demonstrating that the biomolecule thus produced is not toxic. Such findings, when taken together, indicate that the <i>C. bombicola</i> URM 3718 biosurfactant was effective in removing oils and could, therefore, be used as an alternative agent for remediating hydrocarbon-polluted soil.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9637/8/1/14<i>Candida bombicola</i>petroleumgenotoxicityenvironmental contamination |
| spellingShingle | Pollyana P. Nascimento Hugo M. Meira Elias J. Silva Attilio Converti Raquel D. Rufino Leonie A. Sarubbo Potential of <i>Candida bombicola</i> URM 3718 Biosurfactant for Application in Removal of Motor Oil Adsorbed on Soils Surfaces <i>Candida bombicola</i> petroleum genotoxicity environmental contamination |
| title | Potential of <i>Candida bombicola</i> URM 3718 Biosurfactant for Application in Removal of Motor Oil Adsorbed on Soils |
| title_full | Potential of <i>Candida bombicola</i> URM 3718 Biosurfactant for Application in Removal of Motor Oil Adsorbed on Soils |
| title_fullStr | Potential of <i>Candida bombicola</i> URM 3718 Biosurfactant for Application in Removal of Motor Oil Adsorbed on Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential of <i>Candida bombicola</i> URM 3718 Biosurfactant for Application in Removal of Motor Oil Adsorbed on Soils |
| title_short | Potential of <i>Candida bombicola</i> URM 3718 Biosurfactant for Application in Removal of Motor Oil Adsorbed on Soils |
| title_sort | potential of i candida bombicola i urm 3718 biosurfactant for application in removal of motor oil adsorbed on soils |
| topic | <i>Candida bombicola</i> petroleum genotoxicity environmental contamination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9637/8/1/14 |
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