Optimization of Knitted Strain Sensor Structures for a Real-Time Korean Sign Language Translation Glove System
Herein, an integrated system is developed based on knitted strain sensors for real-time translation of sign language into text and audio voices. To investigate how the structural characteristics of the knit affect the electrical performance, the position of the conductive yarn and the presence or ab...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4270 |
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| author | Youn-Hee Kim You-Kyung Oh |
| author_facet | Youn-Hee Kim You-Kyung Oh |
| author_sort | Youn-Hee Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Herein, an integrated system is developed based on knitted strain sensors for real-time translation of sign language into text and audio voices. To investigate how the structural characteristics of the knit affect the electrical performance, the position of the conductive yarn and the presence or absence of elastic yarn are set as experimental variables, and five distinct sensors are manufactured. A comprehensive analysis of the electrical and mechanical performance, including sensitivity, responsiveness, reliability, and repeatability, reveals that the sensor with a plain-plated-knit structure, no elastic yarn included, and the conductive yarn positioned uniformly on the back exhibits the best performance, with a gauge factor (GF) of 88. The sensor exhibited a response time of less than 0.1 s at 50 cycles per minute (cpm), demonstrating that it detects and responds promptly to finger joint bending movements. Moreover, it exhibits stable repeatability and reliability across various angles and speeds, confirming its optimization for sign language recognition applications. Based on this design, an integrated textile-based system is developed by incorporating the sensor, interconnections, snap connectors, and a microcontroller unit (MCU) with built-in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology into the knitted glove. The complete system successfully recognized 12 Korean Sign Language (KSL) gestures in real time and output them as both text and audio through a dedicated application, achieving a high recognition accuracy of 98.67%. Thus, the present study quantitatively elucidates the structure–performance relationship of a knitted sensor and proposes a wearable system that accounts for real-world usage environments, thereby demonstrating the commercialization potential of the technology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-342ff886e2a04ccfb5ba076ec821d35f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-342ff886e2a04ccfb5ba076ec821d35f2025-08-20T03:08:06ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514427010.3390/s25144270Optimization of Knitted Strain Sensor Structures for a Real-Time Korean Sign Language Translation Glove SystemYoun-Hee Kim0You-Kyung Oh1Department of Convergence Design and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Convergence Design and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of KoreaHerein, an integrated system is developed based on knitted strain sensors for real-time translation of sign language into text and audio voices. To investigate how the structural characteristics of the knit affect the electrical performance, the position of the conductive yarn and the presence or absence of elastic yarn are set as experimental variables, and five distinct sensors are manufactured. A comprehensive analysis of the electrical and mechanical performance, including sensitivity, responsiveness, reliability, and repeatability, reveals that the sensor with a plain-plated-knit structure, no elastic yarn included, and the conductive yarn positioned uniformly on the back exhibits the best performance, with a gauge factor (GF) of 88. The sensor exhibited a response time of less than 0.1 s at 50 cycles per minute (cpm), demonstrating that it detects and responds promptly to finger joint bending movements. Moreover, it exhibits stable repeatability and reliability across various angles and speeds, confirming its optimization for sign language recognition applications. Based on this design, an integrated textile-based system is developed by incorporating the sensor, interconnections, snap connectors, and a microcontroller unit (MCU) with built-in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology into the knitted glove. The complete system successfully recognized 12 Korean Sign Language (KSL) gestures in real time and output them as both text and audio through a dedicated application, achieving a high recognition accuracy of 98.67%. Thus, the present study quantitatively elucidates the structure–performance relationship of a knitted sensor and proposes a wearable system that accounts for real-world usage environments, thereby demonstrating the commercialization potential of the technology.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4270knitted strain sensorsplain plated stitchsmart gloveKorean Sign Languagetextile integration system |
| spellingShingle | Youn-Hee Kim You-Kyung Oh Optimization of Knitted Strain Sensor Structures for a Real-Time Korean Sign Language Translation Glove System Sensors knitted strain sensors plain plated stitch smart glove Korean Sign Language textile integration system |
| title | Optimization of Knitted Strain Sensor Structures for a Real-Time Korean Sign Language Translation Glove System |
| title_full | Optimization of Knitted Strain Sensor Structures for a Real-Time Korean Sign Language Translation Glove System |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Knitted Strain Sensor Structures for a Real-Time Korean Sign Language Translation Glove System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Knitted Strain Sensor Structures for a Real-Time Korean Sign Language Translation Glove System |
| title_short | Optimization of Knitted Strain Sensor Structures for a Real-Time Korean Sign Language Translation Glove System |
| title_sort | optimization of knitted strain sensor structures for a real time korean sign language translation glove system |
| topic | knitted strain sensors plain plated stitch smart glove Korean Sign Language textile integration system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4270 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT younheekim optimizationofknittedstrainsensorstructuresforarealtimekoreansignlanguagetranslationglovesystem AT youkyungoh optimizationofknittedstrainsensorstructuresforarealtimekoreansignlanguagetranslationglovesystem |