Performance of free prostate-specific antigen ratio in differentiating between prostatic cancer and benign prostatic lesions at a referral hospital in South Africa

Background: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in our male population, thus screening initiatives will help to improve outcomes. The current screening marker, total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), is not prostate cancer specific. The development of percentage free PSA (%F...

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Main Authors: Boitumelo Phiri-Ramongane, Ayeaye Khine
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AOSIS 2018-08-01
Series:South African Family Practice
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Online Access:https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/4889
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author Boitumelo Phiri-Ramongane
Ayeaye Khine
author_facet Boitumelo Phiri-Ramongane
Ayeaye Khine
author_sort Boitumelo Phiri-Ramongane
collection DOAJ
description Background: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in our male population, thus screening initiatives will help to improve outcomes. The current screening marker, total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), is not prostate cancer specific. The development of percentage free PSA (%FPSA) has largely improved the detection of prostate cancer. Objectives: To assess the performance of %FPSA ratio at the 25% cut-off and its ability to distinguish between prostate cancer and benign prostatic lesions. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on male patients with total prostate-specific antigen values 10 ng/ml and with prostate histology results. Male patients with total prostate-specific antigen between 4 and 10 ng/ml had their free prostate-specific antigen determined together with the calculation of the free prostate-specific antigen ratio. The ratio was then correlated with prostate histology results to determine the presence of prostate cancer at the cut-off ratio of 25%. Results: Prostate cancer was detected in 28 (21.37%) patients out of the total population of 131. Ninety-two patients had a FPSA ratio of 25%, 22 (22.8%) of whom were found to have prostate cancer. Notably the sensitivity and specificity were found to be 86% and 27% respectively, with a positive predictive of value of 21% at this cut-off. Conclusions: The study demonstrates a %FPSA ratio of 25% not to be a good discriminator between prostatic cancerous and benign lesions. It is thus recommended that a prostate biopsy should be done based on clinical examination findings rather than the level of total prostate specific antigen from 0–10 ng/ml or %FPSA ratio.
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spelling doaj-art-3423e8cb169446b1a2ab1e7cf4a58e992025-08-20T03:47:09ZengAOSISSouth African Family Practice2078-61902078-62042018-08-0160410.4102/safp.v60i4.48893866Performance of free prostate-specific antigen ratio in differentiating between prostatic cancer and benign prostatic lesions at a referral hospital in South AfricaBoitumelo Phiri-Ramongane0Ayeaye Khine1Sefako Makgatho Health Science University; National Health Laboratory Services; Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, MedunsaSefako Makgatho Health Science University; National Health Laboratory Services; Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, MedunsaBackground: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in our male population, thus screening initiatives will help to improve outcomes. The current screening marker, total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), is not prostate cancer specific. The development of percentage free PSA (%FPSA) has largely improved the detection of prostate cancer. Objectives: To assess the performance of %FPSA ratio at the 25% cut-off and its ability to distinguish between prostate cancer and benign prostatic lesions. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on male patients with total prostate-specific antigen values 10 ng/ml and with prostate histology results. Male patients with total prostate-specific antigen between 4 and 10 ng/ml had their free prostate-specific antigen determined together with the calculation of the free prostate-specific antigen ratio. The ratio was then correlated with prostate histology results to determine the presence of prostate cancer at the cut-off ratio of 25%. Results: Prostate cancer was detected in 28 (21.37%) patients out of the total population of 131. Ninety-two patients had a FPSA ratio of 25%, 22 (22.8%) of whom were found to have prostate cancer. Notably the sensitivity and specificity were found to be 86% and 27% respectively, with a positive predictive of value of 21% at this cut-off. Conclusions: The study demonstrates a %FPSA ratio of 25% not to be a good discriminator between prostatic cancerous and benign lesions. It is thus recommended that a prostate biopsy should be done based on clinical examination findings rather than the level of total prostate specific antigen from 0–10 ng/ml or %FPSA ratio.https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/4889diagnostic accuracynon-communicable diseasesprostatic neoplasmscreening
spellingShingle Boitumelo Phiri-Ramongane
Ayeaye Khine
Performance of free prostate-specific antigen ratio in differentiating between prostatic cancer and benign prostatic lesions at a referral hospital in South Africa
South African Family Practice
diagnostic accuracy
non-communicable diseases
prostatic neoplasm
screening
title Performance of free prostate-specific antigen ratio in differentiating between prostatic cancer and benign prostatic lesions at a referral hospital in South Africa
title_full Performance of free prostate-specific antigen ratio in differentiating between prostatic cancer and benign prostatic lesions at a referral hospital in South Africa
title_fullStr Performance of free prostate-specific antigen ratio in differentiating between prostatic cancer and benign prostatic lesions at a referral hospital in South Africa
title_full_unstemmed Performance of free prostate-specific antigen ratio in differentiating between prostatic cancer and benign prostatic lesions at a referral hospital in South Africa
title_short Performance of free prostate-specific antigen ratio in differentiating between prostatic cancer and benign prostatic lesions at a referral hospital in South Africa
title_sort performance of free prostate specific antigen ratio in differentiating between prostatic cancer and benign prostatic lesions at a referral hospital in south africa
topic diagnostic accuracy
non-communicable diseases
prostatic neoplasm
screening
url https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/4889
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AT ayeayekhine performanceoffreeprostatespecificantigenratioindifferentiatingbetweenprostaticcancerandbenignprostaticlesionsatareferralhospitalinsouthafrica