Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound and Pus Bacterial Pathogens at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
The long history and extensive use of antibiotics have caused resistant bacterial pathogens to emerge, increasing mortality and morbidity. The current study was designed to see the prevalence of aerobic bacterial isolates with their antimicrobial resistance pattern from out- and inpatients requested...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Fizza Khalid Christy Poulose Dalal Farah Mousa Farah Abid Mahmood Azza Elsheikh Osamah T. Khojah |
| author_facet | Fizza Khalid Christy Poulose Dalal Farah Mousa Farah Abid Mahmood Azza Elsheikh Osamah T. Khojah |
| author_sort | Fizza Khalid |
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| description | The long history and extensive use of antibiotics have caused resistant bacterial pathogens to emerge, increasing mortality and morbidity. The current study was designed to see the prevalence of aerobic bacterial isolates with their antimicrobial resistance pattern from out- and inpatients requested for wound or pus culture. Retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in central Riyadh from January 2023 to December 2023. Samples were collected and inoculated onto the appropriate media following standard guidelines. Bacterial pathogens were identified by the Vitek2 compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method as well as by MIC determination through the Vitek2 compact. A total of 1186 subjects were included in the study with a bacterial isolation rate of 691 (58.3%). Out of these, 155 positive cultures had incomplete information or anaerobic or fungal growth and were excluded from the study. With a slight female predominance (54.9%), the majority of subjects (72.2%) were outpatients, and over half of the isolates (55.2%) were Gram-positive. The most common isolate was <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (44.4%), followed by <i>E. coli</i> (13.6%) and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (12.9%). The highest resistance was reported against penicillin followed by fusidic acid against Gram-positive bacteria. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) was detected in 40.5% of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) isolates. Amikacin was the most susceptible antibiotic against all Gram-negative isolates. MDR Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 51.9% of wound infection isolates (95% CI: 45.95 to 58.33) while 6.3% (95% CI: 4.39 to 8.86) were XDR (nonsusceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories). A high prevalence of bacterial isolates, with <i>S. aureus</i> as the predominant pathogen, showed high rates of multidrug resistance. This highlights the importance of monitoring antibiotic choices for prophylaxis and treatment in the study area. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-3422b05cebf44d0c835af2035e42198e2025-08-20T02:43:46ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812024-10-011542015203410.3390/microbiolres15040135Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound and Pus Bacterial Pathogens at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaFizza Khalid0Christy Poulose1Dalal Farah Mousa Farah2Abid Mahmood3Azza Elsheikh4Osamah T. Khojah5Microbiology Department, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 12333, Saudi ArabiaMicrobiology Department, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 12333, Saudi ArabiaMicrobiology Department, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 12333, Saudi ArabiaMicrobiology Department, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 12333, Saudi ArabiaMicrobiology Department, Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 12333, Saudi ArabiaPathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThe long history and extensive use of antibiotics have caused resistant bacterial pathogens to emerge, increasing mortality and morbidity. The current study was designed to see the prevalence of aerobic bacterial isolates with their antimicrobial resistance pattern from out- and inpatients requested for wound or pus culture. Retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in central Riyadh from January 2023 to December 2023. Samples were collected and inoculated onto the appropriate media following standard guidelines. Bacterial pathogens were identified by the Vitek2 compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method as well as by MIC determination through the Vitek2 compact. A total of 1186 subjects were included in the study with a bacterial isolation rate of 691 (58.3%). Out of these, 155 positive cultures had incomplete information or anaerobic or fungal growth and were excluded from the study. With a slight female predominance (54.9%), the majority of subjects (72.2%) were outpatients, and over half of the isolates (55.2%) were Gram-positive. The most common isolate was <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (44.4%), followed by <i>E. coli</i> (13.6%) and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (12.9%). The highest resistance was reported against penicillin followed by fusidic acid against Gram-positive bacteria. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) was detected in 40.5% of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) isolates. Amikacin was the most susceptible antibiotic against all Gram-negative isolates. MDR Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 51.9% of wound infection isolates (95% CI: 45.95 to 58.33) while 6.3% (95% CI: 4.39 to 8.86) were XDR (nonsusceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories). A high prevalence of bacterial isolates, with <i>S. aureus</i> as the predominant pathogen, showed high rates of multidrug resistance. This highlights the importance of monitoring antibiotic choices for prophylaxis and treatment in the study area.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/15/4/135wound infectionprevalenceantimicrobial resistanceMDRMRSARiyadh |
| spellingShingle | Fizza Khalid Christy Poulose Dalal Farah Mousa Farah Abid Mahmood Azza Elsheikh Osamah T. Khojah Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound and Pus Bacterial Pathogens at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Microbiology Research wound infection prevalence antimicrobial resistance MDR MRSA Riyadh |
| title | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound and Pus Bacterial Pathogens at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound and Pus Bacterial Pathogens at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound and Pus Bacterial Pathogens at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound and Pus Bacterial Pathogens at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Wound and Pus Bacterial Pathogens at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of wound and pus bacterial pathogens at a tertiary care hospital in central riyadh saudi arabia |
| topic | wound infection prevalence antimicrobial resistance MDR MRSA Riyadh |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/15/4/135 |
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