Sustained Activity of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: Homer, Arrestin, and Beyond
When activated, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) exert long-lasting changes within the glutamatergic synapses. One mechanism is a tonic effect of downstream signal transduction pathways via sustained activation of mGlu itself. Like many other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), mGlu can exi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Neural Plasticity |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5125624 |
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| author | Geehoon Chung Sang Jeong Kim |
| author_facet | Geehoon Chung Sang Jeong Kim |
| author_sort | Geehoon Chung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | When activated, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) exert long-lasting changes within the glutamatergic synapses. One mechanism is a tonic effect of downstream signal transduction pathways via sustained activation of mGlu itself. Like many other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), mGlu can exist in a constitutively active state, which persists agonist independently. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the constitutive activity of group I mGlus. The issues concerning Homer1a mechanism in the constitutive activity of group I mGlus and recent findings regarding the significant role of β-arrestin in sustained GPCR activity are also discussed. We propose that once in a state of sustained activation, the mGlu persistently activates downstream signaling pathways, including various adaptor proteins and kinases, such as β-arrestin and mitogen-activated protein kinases. In turn, these effector molecules bind to or phosphorylate the mGlu C-terminal binding domains and consequently regulate the activation state of the mGlu. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-34111de648fd4674824a42d5d8a56f5c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-5904 1687-5443 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neural Plasticity |
| spelling | doaj-art-34111de648fd4674824a42d5d8a56f5c2025-02-03T00:59:09ZengWileyNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432017-01-01201710.1155/2017/51256245125624Sustained Activity of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: Homer, Arrestin, and BeyondGeehoon Chung0Sang Jeong Kim1Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaWhen activated, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) exert long-lasting changes within the glutamatergic synapses. One mechanism is a tonic effect of downstream signal transduction pathways via sustained activation of mGlu itself. Like many other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), mGlu can exist in a constitutively active state, which persists agonist independently. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the constitutive activity of group I mGlus. The issues concerning Homer1a mechanism in the constitutive activity of group I mGlus and recent findings regarding the significant role of β-arrestin in sustained GPCR activity are also discussed. We propose that once in a state of sustained activation, the mGlu persistently activates downstream signaling pathways, including various adaptor proteins and kinases, such as β-arrestin and mitogen-activated protein kinases. In turn, these effector molecules bind to or phosphorylate the mGlu C-terminal binding domains and consequently regulate the activation state of the mGlu.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5125624 |
| spellingShingle | Geehoon Chung Sang Jeong Kim Sustained Activity of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: Homer, Arrestin, and Beyond Neural Plasticity |
| title | Sustained Activity of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: Homer, Arrestin, and Beyond |
| title_full | Sustained Activity of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: Homer, Arrestin, and Beyond |
| title_fullStr | Sustained Activity of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: Homer, Arrestin, and Beyond |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustained Activity of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: Homer, Arrestin, and Beyond |
| title_short | Sustained Activity of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: Homer, Arrestin, and Beyond |
| title_sort | sustained activity of metabotropic glutamate receptor homer arrestin and beyond |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5125624 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT geehoonchung sustainedactivityofmetabotropicglutamatereceptorhomerarrestinandbeyond AT sangjeongkim sustainedactivityofmetabotropicglutamatereceptorhomerarrestinandbeyond |