Association of metformin administration after septic shock with short-term and long-term survival in septic shock patients with diabetes

Abstract Background In addition to glycemic control, the anti-inflammatory effects and protective effect of metformin on sepsis have been reported in animal studies, which may be beneficial for patients with septic shock. Few observational studies have evaluated metformin administration after sepsis...

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Main Authors: Bo-Yeong Jin, Sukyo Lee, Woosik Kim, Jong-Hak Park, Hanjin Cho, Sungwoo Moon, Sejoong Ahn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Annals of Intensive Care
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-025-01490-8
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author Bo-Yeong Jin
Sukyo Lee
Woosik Kim
Jong-Hak Park
Hanjin Cho
Sungwoo Moon
Sejoong Ahn
author_facet Bo-Yeong Jin
Sukyo Lee
Woosik Kim
Jong-Hak Park
Hanjin Cho
Sungwoo Moon
Sejoong Ahn
author_sort Bo-Yeong Jin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background In addition to glycemic control, the anti-inflammatory effects and protective effect of metformin on sepsis have been reported in animal studies, which may be beneficial for patients with septic shock. Few observational studies have evaluated metformin administration after sepsis or bacteremia; however, these studies did not specifically analyze septic shock or long-term outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the associations between metformin administration after septic shock and the short- and long-term survival in septic shock patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method This retrospective observational study used data from a prospectively collected sepsis registry. From October 2016 to June 2022, adult septic shock patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. The variable of interest was metformin administration within 48 h after diagnosis of septic shock. The 90-day mortality and 365-day mortality were evaluated as outcomes. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was conducted. Results A total of 320 patients were included in the study. Metformin administration within 48 h after diagnosis of septic shock was associated with lower 90-day mortality (13.0% vs. 39.8%, P < 0.001), 365-day mortality (23.3% vs. 48.3%, P = 0.001), and in-hospital mortality (9.3% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.002) than those who did not administer metformin within 48 h. Metformin administration within 48 h was independently associated with decreased 90-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.371, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.153–0.900, P = 0.028) and 365-day mortality (aHR 0.453, 95% CI 0.219–0.937, P = 0.033) after adjusting for potential confounders. Similar results were found for metformin administration within 72 h after septic shock (aHR 0.433, 95% CI 0.235–0.797, P = 0.007 for 90-day mortality and aHR 0.450, 95% CI 0.264–0.767, P = 0.003 for 365-day mortality). Conclusions In septic shock patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metformin administration within 48 h was associated with lower 90-day and 365-day mortality. While these findings suggest potential benefits of metformin administration after septic shock, further large, multicenter studies are warranted.
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spelling doaj-art-33fd8b7d13bf4979b018464afce2ce992025-08-20T03:48:18ZengSpringerOpenAnnals of Intensive Care2110-58202025-05-0115111110.1186/s13613-025-01490-8Association of metformin administration after septic shock with short-term and long-term survival in septic shock patients with diabetesBo-Yeong Jin0Sukyo Lee1Woosik Kim2Jong-Hak Park3Hanjin Cho4Sungwoo Moon5Sejoong Ahn6Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of MedicineDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan HospitalDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan HospitalDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan HospitalDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan HospitalDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan HospitalDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Ansan HospitalAbstract Background In addition to glycemic control, the anti-inflammatory effects and protective effect of metformin on sepsis have been reported in animal studies, which may be beneficial for patients with septic shock. Few observational studies have evaluated metformin administration after sepsis or bacteremia; however, these studies did not specifically analyze septic shock or long-term outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the associations between metformin administration after septic shock and the short- and long-term survival in septic shock patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method This retrospective observational study used data from a prospectively collected sepsis registry. From October 2016 to June 2022, adult septic shock patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. The variable of interest was metformin administration within 48 h after diagnosis of septic shock. The 90-day mortality and 365-day mortality were evaluated as outcomes. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was conducted. Results A total of 320 patients were included in the study. Metformin administration within 48 h after diagnosis of septic shock was associated with lower 90-day mortality (13.0% vs. 39.8%, P < 0.001), 365-day mortality (23.3% vs. 48.3%, P = 0.001), and in-hospital mortality (9.3% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.002) than those who did not administer metformin within 48 h. Metformin administration within 48 h was independently associated with decreased 90-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.371, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.153–0.900, P = 0.028) and 365-day mortality (aHR 0.453, 95% CI 0.219–0.937, P = 0.033) after adjusting for potential confounders. Similar results were found for metformin administration within 72 h after septic shock (aHR 0.433, 95% CI 0.235–0.797, P = 0.007 for 90-day mortality and aHR 0.450, 95% CI 0.264–0.767, P = 0.003 for 365-day mortality). Conclusions In septic shock patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metformin administration within 48 h was associated with lower 90-day and 365-day mortality. While these findings suggest potential benefits of metformin administration after septic shock, further large, multicenter studies are warranted.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-025-01490-8Septic shockType 2 diabetes mellitusMetforminDiabetic medicationBiguanideSurvival
spellingShingle Bo-Yeong Jin
Sukyo Lee
Woosik Kim
Jong-Hak Park
Hanjin Cho
Sungwoo Moon
Sejoong Ahn
Association of metformin administration after septic shock with short-term and long-term survival in septic shock patients with diabetes
Annals of Intensive Care
Septic shock
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Metformin
Diabetic medication
Biguanide
Survival
title Association of metformin administration after septic shock with short-term and long-term survival in septic shock patients with diabetes
title_full Association of metformin administration after septic shock with short-term and long-term survival in septic shock patients with diabetes
title_fullStr Association of metformin administration after septic shock with short-term and long-term survival in septic shock patients with diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Association of metformin administration after septic shock with short-term and long-term survival in septic shock patients with diabetes
title_short Association of metformin administration after septic shock with short-term and long-term survival in septic shock patients with diabetes
title_sort association of metformin administration after septic shock with short term and long term survival in septic shock patients with diabetes
topic Septic shock
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Metformin
Diabetic medication
Biguanide
Survival
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-025-01490-8
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