Reconstructing the Gait Pattern of a Korean Cadaver with Bilateral Lower Limb Asymmetry Using a Virtual Humanoid Modeling Program
<b>Background and Objective</b>: This study presents a combined osteometric and biomechanical analysis of a Korean female cadaver exhibiting bilateral lower limb bone asymmetry with abnormal curvature and callus formation on the left femoral midshaft. <b>Methods</b>: To inves...
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MDPI AG
2025-08-01
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| author | Min Woo Seo Changmin Lee Hyun Jin Park |
| author_facet | Min Woo Seo Changmin Lee Hyun Jin Park |
| author_sort | Min Woo Seo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background and Objective</b>: This study presents a combined osteometric and biomechanical analysis of a Korean female cadaver exhibiting bilateral lower limb bone asymmetry with abnormal curvature and callus formation on the left femoral midshaft. <b>Methods</b>: To investigate bilateral bone length differences, osteometric measurements were conducted at standardized landmarks. Additionally, we developed three gait models using <i>Meta Motivo</i>, an open-source reinforcement learning platform, to analyze how skeletal asymmetry influences stride dynamics and directional control. <b>Results</b>: Detailed measurements revealed that the left lower limb bones were consistently shorter and narrower than their right counterparts. The calculated lower limb lengths showed a bilateral discrepancy ranging from 39 mm to 42 mm—specifically a 6 mm difference in the femur, 33 mm in the tibia, and 36 mm in the fibula. In the gait pattern analysis, the normal model exhibited a straight-line gait without lateral deviation. In contrast, the unbalanced, non-learned model demonstrated compensatory overuse and increased stride length of the left lower limb and a tendency to veer leftward. The unbalanced, learned model showed partial gait normalization, characterized by reduced limb dominance and improved right stride, although directional control remained compromised. <b>Conclusions</b>: This integrative approach highlights the biomechanical consequences of lower limb bone discrepancy and demonstrates the utility of virtual agent-based modeling in elucidating compensatory gait adaptations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-33eb03d5714a4a4eb057dec2e7a52d6e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-33eb03d5714a4a4eb057dec2e7a52d6e2025-08-20T03:02:55ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-08-011515194310.3390/diagnostics15151943Reconstructing the Gait Pattern of a Korean Cadaver with Bilateral Lower Limb Asymmetry Using a Virtual Humanoid Modeling ProgramMin Woo Seo0Changmin Lee1Hyun Jin Park2Department of History, College of Liberal Arts, Sejong University, Seoul 05000, Republic of KoreaFuture City and Society Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea<b>Background and Objective</b>: This study presents a combined osteometric and biomechanical analysis of a Korean female cadaver exhibiting bilateral lower limb bone asymmetry with abnormal curvature and callus formation on the left femoral midshaft. <b>Methods</b>: To investigate bilateral bone length differences, osteometric measurements were conducted at standardized landmarks. Additionally, we developed three gait models using <i>Meta Motivo</i>, an open-source reinforcement learning platform, to analyze how skeletal asymmetry influences stride dynamics and directional control. <b>Results</b>: Detailed measurements revealed that the left lower limb bones were consistently shorter and narrower than their right counterparts. The calculated lower limb lengths showed a bilateral discrepancy ranging from 39 mm to 42 mm—specifically a 6 mm difference in the femur, 33 mm in the tibia, and 36 mm in the fibula. In the gait pattern analysis, the normal model exhibited a straight-line gait without lateral deviation. In contrast, the unbalanced, non-learned model demonstrated compensatory overuse and increased stride length of the left lower limb and a tendency to veer leftward. The unbalanced, learned model showed partial gait normalization, characterized by reduced limb dominance and improved right stride, although directional control remained compromised. <b>Conclusions</b>: This integrative approach highlights the biomechanical consequences of lower limb bone discrepancy and demonstrates the utility of virtual agent-based modeling in elucidating compensatory gait adaptations.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/15/1943gait analysislimb length discrepancy (LLD)femoral fractureMeta Motivo |
| spellingShingle | Min Woo Seo Changmin Lee Hyun Jin Park Reconstructing the Gait Pattern of a Korean Cadaver with Bilateral Lower Limb Asymmetry Using a Virtual Humanoid Modeling Program Diagnostics gait analysis limb length discrepancy (LLD) femoral fracture Meta Motivo |
| title | Reconstructing the Gait Pattern of a Korean Cadaver with Bilateral Lower Limb Asymmetry Using a Virtual Humanoid Modeling Program |
| title_full | Reconstructing the Gait Pattern of a Korean Cadaver with Bilateral Lower Limb Asymmetry Using a Virtual Humanoid Modeling Program |
| title_fullStr | Reconstructing the Gait Pattern of a Korean Cadaver with Bilateral Lower Limb Asymmetry Using a Virtual Humanoid Modeling Program |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reconstructing the Gait Pattern of a Korean Cadaver with Bilateral Lower Limb Asymmetry Using a Virtual Humanoid Modeling Program |
| title_short | Reconstructing the Gait Pattern of a Korean Cadaver with Bilateral Lower Limb Asymmetry Using a Virtual Humanoid Modeling Program |
| title_sort | reconstructing the gait pattern of a korean cadaver with bilateral lower limb asymmetry using a virtual humanoid modeling program |
| topic | gait analysis limb length discrepancy (LLD) femoral fracture Meta Motivo |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/15/1943 |
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