Role of Salivary Biomarkers IL-1β and MMP-8 in Early Detection and Staging of Periodontal Disease
<i>Background</i>: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth. Early diagnosis is crucial for preventing severe complications. This study investigates and compares the utility of two salivary biomarkers, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Medicina |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/4/760 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849714976199016448 |
|---|---|
| author | Liliana Sachelarie Corina Laura Stefanescu Rodica Maria Murineanu Mircea Grigorian Agripina Zaharia Ioana Scrobota Loredana Liliana Hurjui |
| author_facet | Liliana Sachelarie Corina Laura Stefanescu Rodica Maria Murineanu Mircea Grigorian Agripina Zaharia Ioana Scrobota Loredana Liliana Hurjui |
| author_sort | Liliana Sachelarie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background</i>: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth. Early diagnosis is crucial for preventing severe complications. This study investigates and compares the utility of two salivary biomarkers, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), in the early detection and staging of periodontal disease. <i>Methods</i>: This study included 189 patients, all of whom were evaluated both clinically and biologically. Each participant provided unstimulated saliva samples, which were analyzed using ELISA methods to quantify IL-1β and MMP-8 levels. Clinical periodontal data, including probing depth (3.9 ± 0.6 mm), clinical attachment loss (3.4 ± 0.6 mm), and Plaque Index (2.35 ± 0.55), were collected for all subjects. Biomarker concentrations were then correlated with these clinical parameters and with disease severity, classified according to the 2018 EFP/AAP criteria. <i>Results</i>: IL-1β levels (210 ± 95 pg/mL) were strongly associated with early gingival inflammation, while MMP-8 levels (185 ± 140 ng/mL) correlated with periodontal tissue destruction (<i>p</i> < 0.01). MMP-8 showed a higher sensitivity for diagnosing advanced stages (<i>p</i> = 0.002), whereas IL-1β was more effective in detecting early inflammatory changes (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Logistic regression identified MMP-8 as a significant predictor of advanced disease (coefficient 0.85, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and IL-1β as an indicator of early inflammation (coefficient 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.02). <i>Conclusions</i>: Both biomarkers are valuable tools for the diagnosis and staging of periodontal disease. MMP-8 is relevant for identifying advanced cases, while IL-1β supports early detection. Their combined use may enhance diagnostic accuracy and guide personalized periodontal care. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-33d3ead34ba343a9b842e270420afd12 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-33d3ead34ba343a9b842e270420afd122025-08-20T03:13:32ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-04-0161476010.3390/medicina61040760Role of Salivary Biomarkers IL-1β and MMP-8 in Early Detection and Staging of Periodontal DiseaseLiliana Sachelarie0Corina Laura Stefanescu1Rodica Maria Murineanu2Mircea Grigorian3Agripina Zaharia4Ioana Scrobota5Loredana Liliana Hurjui6Department of Preclinical Discipline, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Apollonia University, 700511 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Ovidius, 900527 Constanta, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Ovidius, 900527 Constanta, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Ovidius, 900527 Constanta, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Ovidius, 900527 Constanta, RomaniaDepartment of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1st December Street, 410073 Oradea, RomaniaDepartment of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania<i>Background</i>: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth. Early diagnosis is crucial for preventing severe complications. This study investigates and compares the utility of two salivary biomarkers, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), in the early detection and staging of periodontal disease. <i>Methods</i>: This study included 189 patients, all of whom were evaluated both clinically and biologically. Each participant provided unstimulated saliva samples, which were analyzed using ELISA methods to quantify IL-1β and MMP-8 levels. Clinical periodontal data, including probing depth (3.9 ± 0.6 mm), clinical attachment loss (3.4 ± 0.6 mm), and Plaque Index (2.35 ± 0.55), were collected for all subjects. Biomarker concentrations were then correlated with these clinical parameters and with disease severity, classified according to the 2018 EFP/AAP criteria. <i>Results</i>: IL-1β levels (210 ± 95 pg/mL) were strongly associated with early gingival inflammation, while MMP-8 levels (185 ± 140 ng/mL) correlated with periodontal tissue destruction (<i>p</i> < 0.01). MMP-8 showed a higher sensitivity for diagnosing advanced stages (<i>p</i> = 0.002), whereas IL-1β was more effective in detecting early inflammatory changes (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Logistic regression identified MMP-8 as a significant predictor of advanced disease (coefficient 0.85, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and IL-1β as an indicator of early inflammation (coefficient 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.02). <i>Conclusions</i>: Both biomarkers are valuable tools for the diagnosis and staging of periodontal disease. MMP-8 is relevant for identifying advanced cases, while IL-1β supports early detection. Their combined use may enhance diagnostic accuracy and guide personalized periodontal care.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/4/760salivary biomarkersgingival inflammationperiodontal disease |
| spellingShingle | Liliana Sachelarie Corina Laura Stefanescu Rodica Maria Murineanu Mircea Grigorian Agripina Zaharia Ioana Scrobota Loredana Liliana Hurjui Role of Salivary Biomarkers IL-1β and MMP-8 in Early Detection and Staging of Periodontal Disease Medicina salivary biomarkers gingival inflammation periodontal disease |
| title | Role of Salivary Biomarkers IL-1β and MMP-8 in Early Detection and Staging of Periodontal Disease |
| title_full | Role of Salivary Biomarkers IL-1β and MMP-8 in Early Detection and Staging of Periodontal Disease |
| title_fullStr | Role of Salivary Biomarkers IL-1β and MMP-8 in Early Detection and Staging of Periodontal Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Salivary Biomarkers IL-1β and MMP-8 in Early Detection and Staging of Periodontal Disease |
| title_short | Role of Salivary Biomarkers IL-1β and MMP-8 in Early Detection and Staging of Periodontal Disease |
| title_sort | role of salivary biomarkers il 1β and mmp 8 in early detection and staging of periodontal disease |
| topic | salivary biomarkers gingival inflammation periodontal disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/4/760 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lilianasachelarie roleofsalivarybiomarkersil1bandmmp8inearlydetectionandstagingofperiodontaldisease AT corinalaurastefanescu roleofsalivarybiomarkersil1bandmmp8inearlydetectionandstagingofperiodontaldisease AT rodicamariamurineanu roleofsalivarybiomarkersil1bandmmp8inearlydetectionandstagingofperiodontaldisease AT mirceagrigorian roleofsalivarybiomarkersil1bandmmp8inearlydetectionandstagingofperiodontaldisease AT agripinazaharia roleofsalivarybiomarkersil1bandmmp8inearlydetectionandstagingofperiodontaldisease AT ioanascrobota roleofsalivarybiomarkersil1bandmmp8inearlydetectionandstagingofperiodontaldisease AT loredanalilianahurjui roleofsalivarybiomarkersil1bandmmp8inearlydetectionandstagingofperiodontaldisease |