Estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan African countries: propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey data
Abstract Introduction Globally adverse birth outcome is being a series public health problem. As studies showed, even though the etiologies are multifactorial, extreme age pregnancies have more risk for adverse birth outcome. This study determines the estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse...
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07574-4 |
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| author | Getachew Teshale Endalkachew Dellie Andualem Yalew Aschalew Chalie Tadie Tsehay Nigusu Worku Tesfahun Zemene Tafere Nebebe Demis Baykemagn Asebe Hagos |
| author_facet | Getachew Teshale Endalkachew Dellie Andualem Yalew Aschalew Chalie Tadie Tsehay Nigusu Worku Tesfahun Zemene Tafere Nebebe Demis Baykemagn Asebe Hagos |
| author_sort | Getachew Teshale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction Globally adverse birth outcome is being a series public health problem. As studies showed, even though the etiologies are multifactorial, extreme age pregnancies have more risk for adverse birth outcome. This study determines the estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome. Method The study analyzed data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was employed by using age as treatment variable, teenager as treated and non-teenagers as control group and weighted sample of 45,790 (non-teenagers = 41,769 and teenagers = 4,021). The outcome variable; adverse birth outcome was categorized as “Yes” if a woman had either preterm birth, still birth, low birth weight or macrosomia in her recent birth and “No” otherwise. Covariates that had significant association with the treatment and outcome variables were considered for PSM analysis. After testing of each matching techniques (nearest neighbor, kernel and radius), the nearest neighbor (10) approach produced better covariate balance and selected as the best matching algorism for our analysis. Finally, the effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome was measured and reported as average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) and the quality of matching and sensitivity to hidden bias was assed by t-statistics significance level and Mantel–Haenszel statistic respectively. Results This study found that around one in ten (8.7%) of the women had pregnancy between the age of 15 and 19 years. The magnitude of adverse birth outcome among teenagers and non-teenagers was also 45.4% and 39.9% respectively. Teenage pregnancy contributed to a 4.7% increasing adverse birth outcome (ATT = 4.7%). Similarly, the Average Treatment Effect on Untreated (ATU) was 4.8%. Conclusion This study revealed that around one in teen women had pregnancy between the age of 15 and 19 years and teenage pregnancy had more risk of having adverse birth outcomes as compared to non-teenagers. Thus, we recommend to policy makers and implementers to design policies and strategies to improve teenagers’ access to prenatal care, family planning, and sexual education, awareness of creation on teenage pregnancy risks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-33bdb30cf0004b94b1a77116a44ab115 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2393 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| series | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| spelling | doaj-art-33bdb30cf0004b94b1a77116a44ab1152025-08-20T02:27:06ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932025-04-0125111110.1186/s12884-025-07574-4Estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan African countries: propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey dataGetachew Teshale0Endalkachew Dellie1Andualem Yalew Aschalew2Chalie Tadie Tsehay3Nigusu Worku4Tesfahun Zemene Tafere5Nebebe Demis Baykemagn6Asebe Hagos7Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Health Informatics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarAbstract Introduction Globally adverse birth outcome is being a series public health problem. As studies showed, even though the etiologies are multifactorial, extreme age pregnancies have more risk for adverse birth outcome. This study determines the estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome. Method The study analyzed data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was employed by using age as treatment variable, teenager as treated and non-teenagers as control group and weighted sample of 45,790 (non-teenagers = 41,769 and teenagers = 4,021). The outcome variable; adverse birth outcome was categorized as “Yes” if a woman had either preterm birth, still birth, low birth weight or macrosomia in her recent birth and “No” otherwise. Covariates that had significant association with the treatment and outcome variables were considered for PSM analysis. After testing of each matching techniques (nearest neighbor, kernel and radius), the nearest neighbor (10) approach produced better covariate balance and selected as the best matching algorism for our analysis. Finally, the effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome was measured and reported as average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) and the quality of matching and sensitivity to hidden bias was assed by t-statistics significance level and Mantel–Haenszel statistic respectively. Results This study found that around one in ten (8.7%) of the women had pregnancy between the age of 15 and 19 years. The magnitude of adverse birth outcome among teenagers and non-teenagers was also 45.4% and 39.9% respectively. Teenage pregnancy contributed to a 4.7% increasing adverse birth outcome (ATT = 4.7%). Similarly, the Average Treatment Effect on Untreated (ATU) was 4.8%. Conclusion This study revealed that around one in teen women had pregnancy between the age of 15 and 19 years and teenage pregnancy had more risk of having adverse birth outcomes as compared to non-teenagers. Thus, we recommend to policy makers and implementers to design policies and strategies to improve teenagers’ access to prenatal care, family planning, and sexual education, awareness of creation on teenage pregnancy risks.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07574-4Teenage pregnancyAdverse birth outcomeSub-Saharan AfricaImpact |
| spellingShingle | Getachew Teshale Endalkachew Dellie Andualem Yalew Aschalew Chalie Tadie Tsehay Nigusu Worku Tesfahun Zemene Tafere Nebebe Demis Baykemagn Asebe Hagos Estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan African countries: propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey data BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Teenage pregnancy Adverse birth outcome Sub-Saharan Africa Impact |
| title | Estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan African countries: propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey data |
| title_full | Estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan African countries: propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey data |
| title_fullStr | Estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan African countries: propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan African countries: propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey data |
| title_short | Estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan African countries: propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey data |
| title_sort | estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in sub saharan african countries propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey data |
| topic | Teenage pregnancy Adverse birth outcome Sub-Saharan Africa Impact |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07574-4 |
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