Development and validation of Mpox healthcare seeking barriers scale for MSM based on a multicenter study in China
Abstract China is one of the ten countries most severely affected by the monkeypox outbreak. Over 90% of Mpox cases are MSM, primarily identified through proactive healthcare visits. Mpox medical visit worries are barriers to MSM proactively seeking medical assistance. However, there are currently n...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99787-y |
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| author | Shangbin Liu Ying Gao Huifang Xu Ying Wang Gang Xu Yong Cai Jiechen Zhang |
| author_facet | Shangbin Liu Ying Gao Huifang Xu Ying Wang Gang Xu Yong Cai Jiechen Zhang |
| author_sort | Shangbin Liu |
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| description | Abstract China is one of the ten countries most severely affected by the monkeypox outbreak. Over 90% of Mpox cases are MSM, primarily identified through proactive healthcare visits. Mpox medical visit worries are barriers to MSM proactively seeking medical assistance. However, there are currently no tools available to measure the barriers of MSM regarding seeking medical care for Mpox. A total of 2347 MSM were recruited for this study from six cities in China. Factor analysis was used to explore and validate the factor structure of the 14-item MMHSBS, which utilizes a 5-point Likert scale. The model’s structural validity was evaluated and compared using GFI, NFI, RFI, IFI, TLI, CFI, SRMR and RMSEA. Split-half reliability, Cronbach’s α, and McDonald’s ω were used to assess the reliability of MMHSBS. The three-factor structure model of MMHSBS performed best, comprising medical distrust, perceived costs, and interpersonal damage. The indices were as follows: GFI = 0.937, NFI = 0.926, RFI = 0.952, IFI = 0.967, TLI = 0.959, CFI = 0.967, SRMR = 0.046, RMSEA = 0.073. Split-half reliability was 0.844, Cronbach’s α was 0.949, and McDonald’s ω was 0.950. The three-factor structure of the MMHSBS demonstrated good reliability and validity among Chinese MSM. Chinese men who have sex with men face relatively strong barriers to seeking healthcare for Mpox, with the most prominent barrier being the impact on their personal social image. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-33bb557f12f4485c98eb6d4f9abf4385 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-33bb557f12f4485c98eb6d4f9abf43852025-08-20T02:15:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-99787-yDevelopment and validation of Mpox healthcare seeking barriers scale for MSM based on a multicenter study in ChinaShangbin Liu0Ying Gao1Huifang Xu2Ying Wang3Gang Xu4Yong Cai5Jiechen Zhang6Public Health Department, Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicinePublic Health Department, Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityPublic Health Department, Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityPublic Health Department, Tongren Hospital, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDermatology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine ShanghaiAbstract China is one of the ten countries most severely affected by the monkeypox outbreak. Over 90% of Mpox cases are MSM, primarily identified through proactive healthcare visits. Mpox medical visit worries are barriers to MSM proactively seeking medical assistance. However, there are currently no tools available to measure the barriers of MSM regarding seeking medical care for Mpox. A total of 2347 MSM were recruited for this study from six cities in China. Factor analysis was used to explore and validate the factor structure of the 14-item MMHSBS, which utilizes a 5-point Likert scale. The model’s structural validity was evaluated and compared using GFI, NFI, RFI, IFI, TLI, CFI, SRMR and RMSEA. Split-half reliability, Cronbach’s α, and McDonald’s ω were used to assess the reliability of MMHSBS. The three-factor structure model of MMHSBS performed best, comprising medical distrust, perceived costs, and interpersonal damage. The indices were as follows: GFI = 0.937, NFI = 0.926, RFI = 0.952, IFI = 0.967, TLI = 0.959, CFI = 0.967, SRMR = 0.046, RMSEA = 0.073. Split-half reliability was 0.844, Cronbach’s α was 0.949, and McDonald’s ω was 0.950. The three-factor structure of the MMHSBS demonstrated good reliability and validity among Chinese MSM. Chinese men who have sex with men face relatively strong barriers to seeking healthcare for Mpox, with the most prominent barrier being the impact on their personal social image.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99787-yMpoxMen who have sex with menHealthcare seekingReliabilityValidity |
| spellingShingle | Shangbin Liu Ying Gao Huifang Xu Ying Wang Gang Xu Yong Cai Jiechen Zhang Development and validation of Mpox healthcare seeking barriers scale for MSM based on a multicenter study in China Scientific Reports Mpox Men who have sex with men Healthcare seeking Reliability Validity |
| title | Development and validation of Mpox healthcare seeking barriers scale for MSM based on a multicenter study in China |
| title_full | Development and validation of Mpox healthcare seeking barriers scale for MSM based on a multicenter study in China |
| title_fullStr | Development and validation of Mpox healthcare seeking barriers scale for MSM based on a multicenter study in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and validation of Mpox healthcare seeking barriers scale for MSM based on a multicenter study in China |
| title_short | Development and validation of Mpox healthcare seeking barriers scale for MSM based on a multicenter study in China |
| title_sort | development and validation of mpox healthcare seeking barriers scale for msm based on a multicenter study in china |
| topic | Mpox Men who have sex with men Healthcare seeking Reliability Validity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99787-y |
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