Soil microbial communities are more disrupted by extreme drought than by gradual climate shifts under different land-use intensities

IntroductionExtreme events like droughts are expected to increase in frequency due to climate change and will affect ecosystems and their associated key functional components particularly soil microbial communities. Studies simultaneously addressing a range of climate stressors, such as extreme drou...

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Main Authors: Lena Philipp, Evgenia Blagodatskaya, Mika Tarkka, Thomas Reitz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1649443/full
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author Lena Philipp
Evgenia Blagodatskaya
Mika Tarkka
Mika Tarkka
Thomas Reitz
Thomas Reitz
Thomas Reitz
author_facet Lena Philipp
Evgenia Blagodatskaya
Mika Tarkka
Mika Tarkka
Thomas Reitz
Thomas Reitz
Thomas Reitz
author_sort Lena Philipp
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionExtreme events like droughts are expected to increase in frequency due to climate change and will affect ecosystems and their associated key functional components particularly soil microbial communities. Studies simultaneously addressing a range of climate stressors, such as extreme drought events and gradual long-term shifts in precipitation and temperature on soil microbial diversity, community composition and function in agricultural systems are limited.MethodsHere, we present a data set from a field site in Central Germany comprising two spring growing seasons, one with normal precipitation amount, the other experiencing an extreme drought. Further, the experiment included a climate treatment simulating climate change induced gradual shifts in precipitation and temperature in croplands and grasslands under varying management intensities.Results and discussionOur findings demonstrate that the extreme drought had a stronger effect on microbial biomass, functions and community composition than the mild experimental climate treatment mediated by soil moisture differences. The fungal communities were more responsive to the drought than the bacterial community, particularly in croplands, where we observed higher C-cycling enzymatic activities under drought. In contrast, microbial functions in grasslands remained largely unchanged in grasslands under drought, implying lower sensitivity to drought in grassland than cropland systems. However, intensively managed grasslands appeared less stable in community composition and function than extensively managed grasslands, which was also observed in constructed co-occurrence networks. Overall, our results suggest that intensively managed systems are more vulnerable to extreme drought conditions with an increase of fungi with pathogenic potential which may further destabilize soil microbial communities in the future These findings underscore the need to consider multiple stressors such as extreme events and land-use intensity in order to understand the soil microbial response to global change.
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spelling doaj-art-33b94a68bc5c42bfad214ef95a2e147e2025-08-20T03:45:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-08-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.16494431649443Soil microbial communities are more disrupted by extreme drought than by gradual climate shifts under different land-use intensitiesLena Philipp0Evgenia Blagodatskaya1Mika Tarkka2Mika Tarkka3Thomas Reitz4Thomas Reitz5Thomas Reitz6Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, GermanyDepartment of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, GermanyDepartment of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, GermanyGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, GermanyGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences - Crop Research Unit, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Halle, GermanyIntroductionExtreme events like droughts are expected to increase in frequency due to climate change and will affect ecosystems and their associated key functional components particularly soil microbial communities. Studies simultaneously addressing a range of climate stressors, such as extreme drought events and gradual long-term shifts in precipitation and temperature on soil microbial diversity, community composition and function in agricultural systems are limited.MethodsHere, we present a data set from a field site in Central Germany comprising two spring growing seasons, one with normal precipitation amount, the other experiencing an extreme drought. Further, the experiment included a climate treatment simulating climate change induced gradual shifts in precipitation and temperature in croplands and grasslands under varying management intensities.Results and discussionOur findings demonstrate that the extreme drought had a stronger effect on microbial biomass, functions and community composition than the mild experimental climate treatment mediated by soil moisture differences. The fungal communities were more responsive to the drought than the bacterial community, particularly in croplands, where we observed higher C-cycling enzymatic activities under drought. In contrast, microbial functions in grasslands remained largely unchanged in grasslands under drought, implying lower sensitivity to drought in grassland than cropland systems. However, intensively managed grasslands appeared less stable in community composition and function than extensively managed grasslands, which was also observed in constructed co-occurrence networks. Overall, our results suggest that intensively managed systems are more vulnerable to extreme drought conditions with an increase of fungi with pathogenic potential which may further destabilize soil microbial communities in the future These findings underscore the need to consider multiple stressors such as extreme events and land-use intensity in order to understand the soil microbial response to global change.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1649443/fullglobal changedroughtcroplandgrasslandmicrobial functionsmicrobial networks
spellingShingle Lena Philipp
Evgenia Blagodatskaya
Mika Tarkka
Mika Tarkka
Thomas Reitz
Thomas Reitz
Thomas Reitz
Soil microbial communities are more disrupted by extreme drought than by gradual climate shifts under different land-use intensities
Frontiers in Microbiology
global change
drought
cropland
grassland
microbial functions
microbial networks
title Soil microbial communities are more disrupted by extreme drought than by gradual climate shifts under different land-use intensities
title_full Soil microbial communities are more disrupted by extreme drought than by gradual climate shifts under different land-use intensities
title_fullStr Soil microbial communities are more disrupted by extreme drought than by gradual climate shifts under different land-use intensities
title_full_unstemmed Soil microbial communities are more disrupted by extreme drought than by gradual climate shifts under different land-use intensities
title_short Soil microbial communities are more disrupted by extreme drought than by gradual climate shifts under different land-use intensities
title_sort soil microbial communities are more disrupted by extreme drought than by gradual climate shifts under different land use intensities
topic global change
drought
cropland
grassland
microbial functions
microbial networks
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1649443/full
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