Metabolic pathways associated with Firmicutes prevalence in the gut of multiple livestock animals and humans

Abstract Dynamic interspecific interactions and environmental factors deeply impact the composition of microbiotic communities in the gut. These factors intertwined with the host’s genetic background and social habits cooperate synergistically as a hidden force modulating the host’s physiological an...

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Main Authors: Beatriz do Carmo Dias, Alessandra Pavan Lamarca, Douglas Terra Machado, Vinicius Prata Kloh, Fabíola Marques de Carvalho, Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vasconcelos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Animal Microbiome
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-025-00379-y
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author Beatriz do Carmo Dias
Alessandra Pavan Lamarca
Douglas Terra Machado
Vinicius Prata Kloh
Fabíola Marques de Carvalho
Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vasconcelos
author_facet Beatriz do Carmo Dias
Alessandra Pavan Lamarca
Douglas Terra Machado
Vinicius Prata Kloh
Fabíola Marques de Carvalho
Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vasconcelos
author_sort Beatriz do Carmo Dias
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Dynamic interspecific interactions and environmental factors deeply impact the composition of microbiotic communities in the gut. These factors intertwined with the host’s genetic background and social habits cooperate synergistically as a hidden force modulating the host’s physiological and health determinants, with certain bacterial species being maintained from generation to generation. Firmicutes, one of the dominant bacterial phyla present across vertebrate classes, exhibits a wide range of functional capabilities and colonization strategies. While ecological scenarios involving microbial specialization and metabolic functions have been hypothesized, the specific mechanisms that sustain the persistence of its microbial taxa in a high diversity of hosts remain elusive. This study fills this gap by investigating the Firmicutes metabolic mechanisms contributing to their prevalence and heritability in the host gut on metagenomes-assembled bacterial genomes collected from 351 vertebrate samples, covering 18 food-producing animals and humans, specific breeds and closely-related species. We observed that taxa belonging to Acetivibrionaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and the not well understood CAG-74 family were evolutionarily shared across all hosts. These prevalent taxa exhibit metabolic pathways significantly correlated with extra-host survival mechanisms, cell adhesion, colonization and host transmission, highlighted by sporulation, glycan biosynthesis, bile acid metabolism, and short-chain fatty acid encoded genes. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the ecological foundations governing distinct transmission modes, effective colonization establishment, and maintenance of Firmicutes, offering new perspectives on both well-known and poorly characterized species.
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spelling doaj-art-33b20133a2fc42078ceb341fce576eb02025-08-20T01:57:48ZengBMCAnimal Microbiome2524-46712025-03-017112210.1186/s42523-025-00379-yMetabolic pathways associated with Firmicutes prevalence in the gut of multiple livestock animals and humansBeatriz do Carmo Dias0Alessandra Pavan Lamarca1Douglas Terra Machado2Vinicius Prata Kloh3Fabíola Marques de Carvalho4Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vasconcelos5Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação CientíficaLaboratório de Bioinformática e Evolução Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroLaboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação CientíficaLaboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação CientíficaLaboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação CientíficaLaboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação CientíficaAbstract Dynamic interspecific interactions and environmental factors deeply impact the composition of microbiotic communities in the gut. These factors intertwined with the host’s genetic background and social habits cooperate synergistically as a hidden force modulating the host’s physiological and health determinants, with certain bacterial species being maintained from generation to generation. Firmicutes, one of the dominant bacterial phyla present across vertebrate classes, exhibits a wide range of functional capabilities and colonization strategies. While ecological scenarios involving microbial specialization and metabolic functions have been hypothesized, the specific mechanisms that sustain the persistence of its microbial taxa in a high diversity of hosts remain elusive. This study fills this gap by investigating the Firmicutes metabolic mechanisms contributing to their prevalence and heritability in the host gut on metagenomes-assembled bacterial genomes collected from 351 vertebrate samples, covering 18 food-producing animals and humans, specific breeds and closely-related species. We observed that taxa belonging to Acetivibrionaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and the not well understood CAG-74 family were evolutionarily shared across all hosts. These prevalent taxa exhibit metabolic pathways significantly correlated with extra-host survival mechanisms, cell adhesion, colonization and host transmission, highlighted by sporulation, glycan biosynthesis, bile acid metabolism, and short-chain fatty acid encoded genes. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the ecological foundations governing distinct transmission modes, effective colonization establishment, and maintenance of Firmicutes, offering new perspectives on both well-known and poorly characterized species.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-025-00379-yBacterial hereditaryVertebrate gutFirmicutesMetagenome-assembled genomesMetabolic pathway inference
spellingShingle Beatriz do Carmo Dias
Alessandra Pavan Lamarca
Douglas Terra Machado
Vinicius Prata Kloh
Fabíola Marques de Carvalho
Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vasconcelos
Metabolic pathways associated with Firmicutes prevalence in the gut of multiple livestock animals and humans
Animal Microbiome
Bacterial hereditary
Vertebrate gut
Firmicutes
Metagenome-assembled genomes
Metabolic pathway inference
title Metabolic pathways associated with Firmicutes prevalence in the gut of multiple livestock animals and humans
title_full Metabolic pathways associated with Firmicutes prevalence in the gut of multiple livestock animals and humans
title_fullStr Metabolic pathways associated with Firmicutes prevalence in the gut of multiple livestock animals and humans
title_full_unstemmed Metabolic pathways associated with Firmicutes prevalence in the gut of multiple livestock animals and humans
title_short Metabolic pathways associated with Firmicutes prevalence in the gut of multiple livestock animals and humans
title_sort metabolic pathways associated with firmicutes prevalence in the gut of multiple livestock animals and humans
topic Bacterial hereditary
Vertebrate gut
Firmicutes
Metagenome-assembled genomes
Metabolic pathway inference
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-025-00379-y
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