Integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq reveals prognostic gene signatures in patients with bladder cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly advanced research in oncology and are used to successfully treat patients with bladder cancer (BC). However, as the benefits of programmed death-1/ programmed death-ligand-1 blockade immunotherapy do not extend to all patients with BC, biomark...

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Main Authors: Mina Cho, Hyun Chang, Ju Han Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2024-12-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03839-7
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author Mina Cho
Hyun Chang
Ju Han Kim
author_facet Mina Cho
Hyun Chang
Ju Han Kim
author_sort Mina Cho
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly advanced research in oncology and are used to successfully treat patients with bladder cancer (BC). However, as the benefits of programmed death-1/ programmed death-ligand-1 blockade immunotherapy do not extend to all patients with BC, biomarkers are required to improve prognostic stratification. This study aims to identify reliable biomarkers to enhance the prediction of treatment outcomes. Bulk RNA expression data from a BC cohort (GSE176307) receiving ICI and single-cell sequencing data from patients with BC (GSE135337) were collected. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within cells that were associated with favorable survival outcomes and developed a predictive bladder cancer gene signature (BC-GS). Subsequently, we performed pathway enrichment analysis using the Reactome database. We used two independent datasets to validate the BC-GS. Patients with low BC-GS had a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than those with high BC-GS (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, patients with a concurrently low BC-GS score and low tumor mutation burden (TMB) in GSE176307 and the two validation datasets exhibited an increased risk of death. Genes in the BC-GS were predominantly involved in CD8+ T cell activation, antigen presentation, and immune checkpoint pathways. CIBERSORT analysis revealed differences in CD4+ T cells and macrophages between the high and low BC-GS groups. This study demonstrated the prognostic significance of the BC-GS in patients with BC treated with ICI. The combined assessment of the BC-GS and TMB may provide a sophisticated prognostic approach to enhance patient stratification for ICI treatment in BC.
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spelling doaj-art-33ab5d4c870542669b2b711cc256ab012025-02-02T12:26:41ZengSpringerCancer Immunology, Immunotherapy1432-08512024-12-0174111110.1007/s00262-024-03839-7Integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq reveals prognostic gene signatures in patients with bladder cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitorsMina Cho0Hyun Chang1Ju Han Kim2Division of Biomedical Informatics, Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics (SNUBI), Seoul National University College of MedicineMedical Oncology and Hematology, College of Medicine, International St Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong UniversityDivision of Biomedical Informatics, Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics (SNUBI), Seoul National University College of MedicineAbstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly advanced research in oncology and are used to successfully treat patients with bladder cancer (BC). However, as the benefits of programmed death-1/ programmed death-ligand-1 blockade immunotherapy do not extend to all patients with BC, biomarkers are required to improve prognostic stratification. This study aims to identify reliable biomarkers to enhance the prediction of treatment outcomes. Bulk RNA expression data from a BC cohort (GSE176307) receiving ICI and single-cell sequencing data from patients with BC (GSE135337) were collected. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within cells that were associated with favorable survival outcomes and developed a predictive bladder cancer gene signature (BC-GS). Subsequently, we performed pathway enrichment analysis using the Reactome database. We used two independent datasets to validate the BC-GS. Patients with low BC-GS had a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than those with high BC-GS (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, patients with a concurrently low BC-GS score and low tumor mutation burden (TMB) in GSE176307 and the two validation datasets exhibited an increased risk of death. Genes in the BC-GS were predominantly involved in CD8+ T cell activation, antigen presentation, and immune checkpoint pathways. CIBERSORT analysis revealed differences in CD4+ T cells and macrophages between the high and low BC-GS groups. This study demonstrated the prognostic significance of the BC-GS in patients with BC treated with ICI. The combined assessment of the BC-GS and TMB may provide a sophisticated prognostic approach to enhance patient stratification for ICI treatment in BC.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03839-7Bladder cancerBladder cancer gene signatureImmune checkpoint inhibitorsTumor microenvironmentTumor mutation burden
spellingShingle Mina Cho
Hyun Chang
Ju Han Kim
Integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq reveals prognostic gene signatures in patients with bladder cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer gene signature
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Tumor microenvironment
Tumor mutation burden
title Integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq reveals prognostic gene signatures in patients with bladder cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
title_full Integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq reveals prognostic gene signatures in patients with bladder cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
title_fullStr Integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq reveals prognostic gene signatures in patients with bladder cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
title_full_unstemmed Integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq reveals prognostic gene signatures in patients with bladder cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
title_short Integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq reveals prognostic gene signatures in patients with bladder cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
title_sort integration of bulk and single cell rna seq reveals prognostic gene signatures in patients with bladder cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
topic Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer gene signature
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Tumor microenvironment
Tumor mutation burden
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03839-7
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