Factors influencing awareness of beverage grading policies and their association with beverage consumption patterns

Abstract Background Given the current lack of government-led front-of-package nutrition labeling policies in China, research on Chinese consumers’ genuine perceptions of nutrition labels and their association with healthy behaviors remains scarce. Notably, Shanghai’s beverage grading policy stands o...

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Main Authors: Jiaxing Li, Jingyi Zhang, Xiaowen Hu, Yu Sun, Jingyao Yu, Peiying Wang, Junhui Tang, Meihui Hua, Kefan Chen, Lixin Na
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01040-9
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author Jiaxing Li
Jingyi Zhang
Xiaowen Hu
Yu Sun
Jingyao Yu
Peiying Wang
Junhui Tang
Meihui Hua
Kefan Chen
Lixin Na
author_facet Jiaxing Li
Jingyi Zhang
Xiaowen Hu
Yu Sun
Jingyao Yu
Peiying Wang
Junhui Tang
Meihui Hua
Kefan Chen
Lixin Na
author_sort Jiaxing Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Given the current lack of government-led front-of-package nutrition labeling policies in China, research on Chinese consumers’ genuine perceptions of nutrition labels and their association with healthy behaviors remains scarce. Notably, Shanghai’s beverage grading policy stands out as one of the rare existing initiatives, providing a valuable opportunity to explore public awareness of the policy, its potential determinants, and its associations with consumer choices. Design To gain a clearer understanding of public perceptions of the beverage grading policy, a survey was conducted across seven hospitals in Shanghai, yielding 931 valid responses for analysis. Analysis We conducted descriptive analyses and multinomial logistic regression to explore factors associated with public awareness of the policy. We also examined how different levels of awareness were related to beverage consumption patterns. Results More than half of the respondents were unaware of the policy. Greater awareness was associated with being female, younger, more highly educated, having a lower BMI, and paying closer attention to food nutrition and ingredient labels. However, respondents with nutrition-related chronic diseases and dietary restrictions did not exhibit significantly higher awareness. Individuals more familiar with the policy tended to purchase non-water beverages more frequently and, following its widespread implementation, adopted a more practical approach to their beverage choices. Moreover, higher policy awareness correlated with increased attention to sweeteners and trans fats. Conclusions Overall, this study found that public awareness of the beverage grading policy remains low, highlighting persistent research gaps in health-promotion efforts—particularly regarding the psychological mechanisms linking policy awareness to consumption behavior, and the media’s role in shaping consumers’ understanding of key nutrients. Looking ahead, the broader implementation of front-of-package labeling in China will require addressing entrenched systemic challenges.
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spelling doaj-art-3399c6206b9f472da1d822a4eccb0f562025-08-20T04:03:01ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-08-0144111110.1186/s41043-025-01040-9Factors influencing awareness of beverage grading policies and their association with beverage consumption patternsJiaxing Li0Jingyi Zhang1Xiaowen Hu2Yu Sun3Jingyao Yu4Peiying Wang5Junhui Tang6Meihui Hua7Kefan Chen8Lixin Na9Department of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health ScienceDepartment of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health ScienceDepartment of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health ScienceDepartment of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health ScienceDepartment of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health ScienceDepartment of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health ScienceDepartment of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health ScienceDepartment of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health ScienceDepartment of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health ScienceDepartment of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health ScienceAbstract Background Given the current lack of government-led front-of-package nutrition labeling policies in China, research on Chinese consumers’ genuine perceptions of nutrition labels and their association with healthy behaviors remains scarce. Notably, Shanghai’s beverage grading policy stands out as one of the rare existing initiatives, providing a valuable opportunity to explore public awareness of the policy, its potential determinants, and its associations with consumer choices. Design To gain a clearer understanding of public perceptions of the beverage grading policy, a survey was conducted across seven hospitals in Shanghai, yielding 931 valid responses for analysis. Analysis We conducted descriptive analyses and multinomial logistic regression to explore factors associated with public awareness of the policy. We also examined how different levels of awareness were related to beverage consumption patterns. Results More than half of the respondents were unaware of the policy. Greater awareness was associated with being female, younger, more highly educated, having a lower BMI, and paying closer attention to food nutrition and ingredient labels. However, respondents with nutrition-related chronic diseases and dietary restrictions did not exhibit significantly higher awareness. Individuals more familiar with the policy tended to purchase non-water beverages more frequently and, following its widespread implementation, adopted a more practical approach to their beverage choices. Moreover, higher policy awareness correlated with increased attention to sweeteners and trans fats. Conclusions Overall, this study found that public awareness of the beverage grading policy remains low, highlighting persistent research gaps in health-promotion efforts—particularly regarding the psychological mechanisms linking policy awareness to consumption behavior, and the media’s role in shaping consumers’ understanding of key nutrients. Looking ahead, the broader implementation of front-of-package labeling in China will require addressing entrenched systemic challenges.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01040-9Nutrition policyChinaFood labelingHealth knowledge, attitudes, practiceHealth behavior
spellingShingle Jiaxing Li
Jingyi Zhang
Xiaowen Hu
Yu Sun
Jingyao Yu
Peiying Wang
Junhui Tang
Meihui Hua
Kefan Chen
Lixin Na
Factors influencing awareness of beverage grading policies and their association with beverage consumption patterns
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Nutrition policy
China
Food labeling
Health knowledge, attitudes, practice
Health behavior
title Factors influencing awareness of beverage grading policies and their association with beverage consumption patterns
title_full Factors influencing awareness of beverage grading policies and their association with beverage consumption patterns
title_fullStr Factors influencing awareness of beverage grading policies and their association with beverage consumption patterns
title_full_unstemmed Factors influencing awareness of beverage grading policies and their association with beverage consumption patterns
title_short Factors influencing awareness of beverage grading policies and their association with beverage consumption patterns
title_sort factors influencing awareness of beverage grading policies and their association with beverage consumption patterns
topic Nutrition policy
China
Food labeling
Health knowledge, attitudes, practice
Health behavior
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01040-9
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