Joint and individual associations between multiple vitamins and sperm quality in adult men

BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that a healthy diet is associated with improved male fertility outcomes. However, the joint and individual associations between the status of multiple vitamins and sperm quality remain unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the associations between...

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Main Authors: Wen Yao, Juan Zhang, Weihong Yan, Di Xie, Ping Tuo, Jie Liu, Xiaoling Zhao, Yiwen Xiong, Yang Li, Tiejun Pan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1534309/full
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author Wen Yao
Juan Zhang
Weihong Yan
Di Xie
Ping Tuo
Jie Liu
Xiaoling Zhao
Yiwen Xiong
Yang Li
Tiejun Pan
author_facet Wen Yao
Juan Zhang
Weihong Yan
Di Xie
Ping Tuo
Jie Liu
Xiaoling Zhao
Yiwen Xiong
Yang Li
Tiejun Pan
author_sort Wen Yao
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that a healthy diet is associated with improved male fertility outcomes. However, the joint and individual associations between the status of multiple vitamins and sperm quality remain unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the associations between serum vitamin levels and sperm quality parameters in adult men.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 156 adult men seeking fertility care at a reproductive center from December 2023 to June 2024. Blood and semen were collected on the same day to determine the concentrations of nine kinds of vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C, A, D, E) and five parameters of sperm quality [total sperm number, sperm concentration, progressive motile sperm, morphologically normal rate, and DNA fragment index (DFI)]. The joint and individual associations between vitamin levels and sperm quality were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models.ResultsIncreased tertiles of vitamin B1 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25–(OH)2-D3] in serum were associated with higher sperm quality (all P for trends < 0.10). Compared with the lowest tertiles, the highest tertiles of vitamin B12 had β: 3.0 (95% CI: 0.8, 5.2) increasing in DFI, and vitamin A was negatively associated with progressive sperm motility (P for trends = 0.05). We generally found null results between multiple vitamin levels and the parameters of sperm quality in the BKMR models.DiscussionThese research findings imply that vitamins could have a dose-dependent dual effect on sperm quality. More specifically, the impact of vitamins varies according to their dosage levels and types. Personalized vitamin supplementation may be more effective than taking multivitamins in improving sperm quality.
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spelling doaj-art-338cd00ffee9416fa05fe52f8c2030fb2025-08-20T03:44:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-03-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15343091534309Joint and individual associations between multiple vitamins and sperm quality in adult menWen Yao0Juan Zhang1Weihong Yan2Di Xie3Ping Tuo4Jie Liu5Xiaoling Zhao6Yiwen Xiong7Yang Li8Tiejun Pan9Reproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaReproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaReproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaReproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaReproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaReproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaReproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaReproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaReproductive Medicine Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaDepartment of Urology Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that a healthy diet is associated with improved male fertility outcomes. However, the joint and individual associations between the status of multiple vitamins and sperm quality remain unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the associations between serum vitamin levels and sperm quality parameters in adult men.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 156 adult men seeking fertility care at a reproductive center from December 2023 to June 2024. Blood and semen were collected on the same day to determine the concentrations of nine kinds of vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C, A, D, E) and five parameters of sperm quality [total sperm number, sperm concentration, progressive motile sperm, morphologically normal rate, and DNA fragment index (DFI)]. The joint and individual associations between vitamin levels and sperm quality were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models.ResultsIncreased tertiles of vitamin B1 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25–(OH)2-D3] in serum were associated with higher sperm quality (all P for trends < 0.10). Compared with the lowest tertiles, the highest tertiles of vitamin B12 had β: 3.0 (95% CI: 0.8, 5.2) increasing in DFI, and vitamin A was negatively associated with progressive sperm motility (P for trends = 0.05). We generally found null results between multiple vitamin levels and the parameters of sperm quality in the BKMR models.DiscussionThese research findings imply that vitamins could have a dose-dependent dual effect on sperm quality. More specifically, the impact of vitamins varies according to their dosage levels and types. Personalized vitamin supplementation may be more effective than taking multivitamins in improving sperm quality.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1534309/fullvitaminssperm qualityDFIserumBKMR
spellingShingle Wen Yao
Juan Zhang
Weihong Yan
Di Xie
Ping Tuo
Jie Liu
Xiaoling Zhao
Yiwen Xiong
Yang Li
Tiejun Pan
Joint and individual associations between multiple vitamins and sperm quality in adult men
Frontiers in Nutrition
vitamins
sperm quality
DFI
serum
BKMR
title Joint and individual associations between multiple vitamins and sperm quality in adult men
title_full Joint and individual associations between multiple vitamins and sperm quality in adult men
title_fullStr Joint and individual associations between multiple vitamins and sperm quality in adult men
title_full_unstemmed Joint and individual associations between multiple vitamins and sperm quality in adult men
title_short Joint and individual associations between multiple vitamins and sperm quality in adult men
title_sort joint and individual associations between multiple vitamins and sperm quality in adult men
topic vitamins
sperm quality
DFI
serum
BKMR
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1534309/full
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AT dixie jointandindividualassociationsbetweenmultiplevitaminsandspermqualityinadultmen
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AT xiaolingzhao jointandindividualassociationsbetweenmultiplevitaminsandspermqualityinadultmen
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