Addressing Health Inequities in Energy-Poor Households: Evidence from China’s Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program

Energy poverty, defined as a households’ limited ability to secure affordable energy, has become a key issue in the energy transition debate due to its impact on well-being, health risks, and social inequality. We investigate its health impacts using two-way fixed effects and high-dimensional fixed...

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Main Authors: Xinyu Yang, Siqi Yu, Xinling Jiang, Ping Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2620
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author Xinyu Yang
Siqi Yu
Xinling Jiang
Ping Jiang
author_facet Xinyu Yang
Siqi Yu
Xinling Jiang
Ping Jiang
author_sort Xinyu Yang
collection DOAJ
description Energy poverty, defined as a households’ limited ability to secure affordable energy, has become a key issue in the energy transition debate due to its impact on well-being, health risks, and social inequality. We investigate its health impacts using two-way fixed effects and high-dimensional fixed effects models, two-stage least squares, and quantify additional medical costs during extreme cold events with grouped fitting regression. We assess the effect of China’s Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program using the Difference-in-Differences-in-Differences technique. Our results show that energy poverty significantly worsens household health deprivation, extreme cold events further increase medical costs in southern regions, while northern energy-poor families reduce healthcare spending to cover heating costs, and the Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program significantly reduces both the medical burden and catastrophic medical expenditure among energy-poor households. These findings underscore the need for energy transition policies that combine targeted subsidies, health support during cold seasons, and wider deployment of modern heating technologies to protect vulnerable families and ensure a fair, resilient energy transition.
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spelling doaj-art-337af98438314eec9afa6f052f5bc4ca2025-08-20T01:56:27ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-05-011810262010.3390/en18102620Addressing Health Inequities in Energy-Poor Households: Evidence from China’s Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation ProgramXinyu Yang0Siqi Yu1Xinling Jiang2Ping Jiang3Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaEnergy poverty, defined as a households’ limited ability to secure affordable energy, has become a key issue in the energy transition debate due to its impact on well-being, health risks, and social inequality. We investigate its health impacts using two-way fixed effects and high-dimensional fixed effects models, two-stage least squares, and quantify additional medical costs during extreme cold events with grouped fitting regression. We assess the effect of China’s Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program using the Difference-in-Differences-in-Differences technique. Our results show that energy poverty significantly worsens household health deprivation, extreme cold events further increase medical costs in southern regions, while northern energy-poor families reduce healthcare spending to cover heating costs, and the Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program significantly reduces both the medical burden and catastrophic medical expenditure among energy-poor households. These findings underscore the need for energy transition policies that combine targeted subsidies, health support during cold seasons, and wider deployment of modern heating technologies to protect vulnerable families and ensure a fair, resilient energy transition.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2620energy povertyhealth damageextreme cold eventsChina’s photovoltaic poverty alleviation program
spellingShingle Xinyu Yang
Siqi Yu
Xinling Jiang
Ping Jiang
Addressing Health Inequities in Energy-Poor Households: Evidence from China’s Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program
Energies
energy poverty
health damage
extreme cold events
China’s photovoltaic poverty alleviation program
title Addressing Health Inequities in Energy-Poor Households: Evidence from China’s Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program
title_full Addressing Health Inequities in Energy-Poor Households: Evidence from China’s Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program
title_fullStr Addressing Health Inequities in Energy-Poor Households: Evidence from China’s Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program
title_full_unstemmed Addressing Health Inequities in Energy-Poor Households: Evidence from China’s Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program
title_short Addressing Health Inequities in Energy-Poor Households: Evidence from China’s Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Program
title_sort addressing health inequities in energy poor households evidence from china s photovoltaic poverty alleviation program
topic energy poverty
health damage
extreme cold events
China’s photovoltaic poverty alleviation program
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2620
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AT siqiyu addressinghealthinequitiesinenergypoorhouseholdsevidencefromchinasphotovoltaicpovertyalleviationprogram
AT xinlingjiang addressinghealthinequitiesinenergypoorhouseholdsevidencefromchinasphotovoltaicpovertyalleviationprogram
AT pingjiang addressinghealthinequitiesinenergypoorhouseholdsevidencefromchinasphotovoltaicpovertyalleviationprogram