Exploring Tonal Variation Using Dialect Tonometry

Most research on dialectometry so far primarily focuses on European languages. Within these studies, analyses on the phonetic level predominantly focus on segments. A lack of studies on languages outside of Europe means that the variation in many lesser-studied languages, including tonal languages,...

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Main Authors: Ho Wang Matthew Sung, Jelena Prokić
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Languages
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/9/12/378
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author Ho Wang Matthew Sung
Jelena Prokić
author_facet Ho Wang Matthew Sung
Jelena Prokić
author_sort Ho Wang Matthew Sung
collection DOAJ
description Most research on dialectometry so far primarily focuses on European languages. Within these studies, analyses on the phonetic level predominantly focus on segments. A lack of studies on languages outside of Europe means that the variation in many lesser-studied languages, including tonal languages, is largely unknown. Tonal languages are languages which pitch is used as an indication in the lexical realisations in (at least some) morphemes, and over half of the world’s languages include lexical tones. Despite tones being the inseparable and unneglectable part of the majority of the world’s languages, there is only a handful of quantitative dialectometric studies on the dialectal variation in tonal languages. In this paper, we explore the phonetic and phonological variations in Yue, a lesser-studied tonal language spoken by around 80 million people in Southern China. Using a newly devised tone representation (<i>modified Onset–Contour–Offset</i>) combined with the Levenshtein distance, we explore the patterns of dialectal variation on the tonal level, as well as to what extent tonal variation correlates with segmental variation. Our results show that tones behave rather differently from segments, and thus, we illustrate that studying lesser-studied and tonal languages can contribute immensely to the study of dialect variation in general.
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spelling doaj-art-336d536557df4374ac0f4ac1fa2cc9aa2025-08-20T02:53:41ZengMDPI AGLanguages2226-471X2024-12-0191237810.3390/languages9120378Exploring Tonal Variation Using Dialect TonometryHo Wang Matthew Sung0Jelena Prokić1Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL)/Leiden University Centre for Digital Humanities (LUCDH), Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The NetherlandsLeiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL)/Leiden University Centre for Digital Humanities (LUCDH), Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The NetherlandsMost research on dialectometry so far primarily focuses on European languages. Within these studies, analyses on the phonetic level predominantly focus on segments. A lack of studies on languages outside of Europe means that the variation in many lesser-studied languages, including tonal languages, is largely unknown. Tonal languages are languages which pitch is used as an indication in the lexical realisations in (at least some) morphemes, and over half of the world’s languages include lexical tones. Despite tones being the inseparable and unneglectable part of the majority of the world’s languages, there is only a handful of quantitative dialectometric studies on the dialectal variation in tonal languages. In this paper, we explore the phonetic and phonological variations in Yue, a lesser-studied tonal language spoken by around 80 million people in Southern China. Using a newly devised tone representation (<i>modified Onset–Contour–Offset</i>) combined with the Levenshtein distance, we explore the patterns of dialectal variation on the tonal level, as well as to what extent tonal variation correlates with segmental variation. Our results show that tones behave rather differently from segments, and thus, we illustrate that studying lesser-studied and tonal languages can contribute immensely to the study of dialect variation in general.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/9/12/378tonal variationdialect tonometrydialectometrylinguistic level comparisoncomputational methodsmultidimensional scaling
spellingShingle Ho Wang Matthew Sung
Jelena Prokić
Exploring Tonal Variation Using Dialect Tonometry
Languages
tonal variation
dialect tonometry
dialectometry
linguistic level comparison
computational methods
multidimensional scaling
title Exploring Tonal Variation Using Dialect Tonometry
title_full Exploring Tonal Variation Using Dialect Tonometry
title_fullStr Exploring Tonal Variation Using Dialect Tonometry
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Tonal Variation Using Dialect Tonometry
title_short Exploring Tonal Variation Using Dialect Tonometry
title_sort exploring tonal variation using dialect tonometry
topic tonal variation
dialect tonometry
dialectometry
linguistic level comparison
computational methods
multidimensional scaling
url https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/9/12/378
work_keys_str_mv AT howangmatthewsung exploringtonalvariationusingdialecttonometry
AT jelenaprokic exploringtonalvariationusingdialecttonometry