Empowering preservice teachers’ AI literacy: Current understanding, influential factors, and strategies for improvement

Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds significant potential in transforming future educational practices by enhancing teaching and learning. However, its full realization heavily depends on teachers' AI literacy, which significantly influences their engagement levels with AI technologies and their...

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Main Authors: Bo Pei, Jie Lu, Xilong Jing
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666920X25000463
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author Bo Pei
Jie Lu
Xilong Jing
author_facet Bo Pei
Jie Lu
Xilong Jing
author_sort Bo Pei
collection DOAJ
description Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds significant potential in transforming future educational practices by enhancing teaching and learning. However, its full realization heavily depends on teachers' AI literacy, which significantly influences their engagement levels with AI technologies and their abilities to adopt AI technologies effectively in similar settings. In this study, we conduct a holistic analysis examining pre-service teachers' AI literacy for providing insights about current understanding of AI technologies, perceptions of the applications of AI in education, ethical issues and strategies for effectively enhancing AI literacy. Guided by Bloom's Taxonomy, a comprehensive, layered survey was designed to systematically evaluate pre-service teachers' AI literacy competencies. The Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3) was mapped onto each layer to design questions that identify factors influencing pre-service teachers' AI literacy proficiency. The survey was administered to a sample of 200 pre-service teachers in a large public university. Descriptive analysis and ANOVA were conducted to examine how the influential factors influence AI literacy within and across layers. We also conducted a thematic analysis to identify the most preferred strategies to enhance pre-service teachers' AI literacy. The analytical results revealed a significant gap in understanding levels of AI mechanisms among pre-service teachers and highlighted its positive associations with their engagement, perceptions and ethical considerations of AI in educational settings. The findings also underscored the importance of hands-on, practical training and in-person collaborative learning for enhancing pre-service teachers' AI literacy. Finally, we discussed practical implications regarding implementing training and professional development programs for fostering pre-service teachers' AI literacy.
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spelling doaj-art-3355c2ef6f02459f9ef83e82d07c09f92025-08-20T03:25:54ZengElsevierComputers and Education: Artificial Intelligence2666-920X2025-06-01810040610.1016/j.caeai.2025.100406Empowering preservice teachers’ AI literacy: Current understanding, influential factors, and strategies for improvementBo Pei0Jie Lu1Xilong Jing2Department of Educational & Psychological Studies, University of South Florida, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Educational & Psychological Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.Workforce Education and Instructional Technology, University of Georgia, USADepartment of Educational & Psychological Studies, University of South Florida, USAArtificial Intelligence (AI) holds significant potential in transforming future educational practices by enhancing teaching and learning. However, its full realization heavily depends on teachers' AI literacy, which significantly influences their engagement levels with AI technologies and their abilities to adopt AI technologies effectively in similar settings. In this study, we conduct a holistic analysis examining pre-service teachers' AI literacy for providing insights about current understanding of AI technologies, perceptions of the applications of AI in education, ethical issues and strategies for effectively enhancing AI literacy. Guided by Bloom's Taxonomy, a comprehensive, layered survey was designed to systematically evaluate pre-service teachers' AI literacy competencies. The Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3) was mapped onto each layer to design questions that identify factors influencing pre-service teachers' AI literacy proficiency. The survey was administered to a sample of 200 pre-service teachers in a large public university. Descriptive analysis and ANOVA were conducted to examine how the influential factors influence AI literacy within and across layers. We also conducted a thematic analysis to identify the most preferred strategies to enhance pre-service teachers' AI literacy. The analytical results revealed a significant gap in understanding levels of AI mechanisms among pre-service teachers and highlighted its positive associations with their engagement, perceptions and ethical considerations of AI in educational settings. The findings also underscored the importance of hands-on, practical training and in-person collaborative learning for enhancing pre-service teachers' AI literacy. Finally, we discussed practical implications regarding implementing training and professional development programs for fostering pre-service teachers' AI literacy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666920X25000463AI literacyPre-service teachersAI mechanismsEthical issuesProfessional development
spellingShingle Bo Pei
Jie Lu
Xilong Jing
Empowering preservice teachers’ AI literacy: Current understanding, influential factors, and strategies for improvement
Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence
AI literacy
Pre-service teachers
AI mechanisms
Ethical issues
Professional development
title Empowering preservice teachers’ AI literacy: Current understanding, influential factors, and strategies for improvement
title_full Empowering preservice teachers’ AI literacy: Current understanding, influential factors, and strategies for improvement
title_fullStr Empowering preservice teachers’ AI literacy: Current understanding, influential factors, and strategies for improvement
title_full_unstemmed Empowering preservice teachers’ AI literacy: Current understanding, influential factors, and strategies for improvement
title_short Empowering preservice teachers’ AI literacy: Current understanding, influential factors, and strategies for improvement
title_sort empowering preservice teachers ai literacy current understanding influential factors and strategies for improvement
topic AI literacy
Pre-service teachers
AI mechanisms
Ethical issues
Professional development
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666920X25000463
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AT xilongjing empoweringpreserviceteachersailiteracycurrentunderstandinginfluentialfactorsandstrategiesforimprovement