Role of TP53 Mutations and EGFR Amplification in Risk Stratification of Early‐Stage EGFR‐Mutated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate Marker

ABSTRACT Background Non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality, with recurrence risks posing significant challenges in early‐stage disease management. While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are common, the role of concurrent genetic alterati...

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Main Authors: Meejeong Kim, Gyeong Sin Park, Kyo Young Lee, Seok Whan Moon, Yeoun Eun Sung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Thoracic Cancer
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70058
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author Meejeong Kim
Gyeong Sin Park
Kyo Young Lee
Seok Whan Moon
Yeoun Eun Sung
author_facet Meejeong Kim
Gyeong Sin Park
Kyo Young Lee
Seok Whan Moon
Yeoun Eun Sung
author_sort Meejeong Kim
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality, with recurrence risks posing significant challenges in early‐stage disease management. While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are common, the role of concurrent genetic alterations remains underexplored, and findings have often been inconsistent, particularly in early‐stage tumors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 424 EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients diagnosed from 2017 to 2022. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify genetic alterations, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to correlate TP53 mutations and EGFR amplification with protein expression. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses, while predictive cutoffs were determined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results TP53 mutations and EGFR amplification were more prevalent in Stages 2–4 compared to Stage 1 (p < 0.001 and 0.005, respectively). In Stage 1, TP53 mutations, particularly exon 4 and frameshift/nonsense types, were associated with worse overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). EGFR amplification was linked to shorter DFS in Stage 1 (p = 0.006). Both alterations correlated with aggressive pathological features, including advanced N stage, lymphovascular invasion, and high histological grade. IHC cutoffs of 15% for TP53 and H‐score ≥ 180 for EGFR amplification demonstrated high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.981 and 0.936, respectively). Conclusion Specific subtypes of TP53 mutations and EGFR amplification are important prognostic markers in early‐stage NSCLC. IHC offers a practical surrogate for genetic testing, aiding in risk stratification and guiding adjuvant therapy decisions for high‐risk patients. Larger validation studies are warranted.
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spelling doaj-art-334bed2e51b245eaa65d228c5ad227e42025-08-20T02:12:25ZengWileyThoracic Cancer1759-77061759-77142025-04-01167n/an/a10.1111/1759-7714.70058Role of TP53 Mutations and EGFR Amplification in Risk Stratification of Early‐Stage EGFR‐Mutated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate MarkerMeejeong Kim0Gyeong Sin Park1Kyo Young Lee2Seok Whan Moon3Yeoun Eun Sung4Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of KoreaDepartment of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of KoreaDepartment of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of KoreaDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of KoreaDepartment of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of KoreaABSTRACT Background Non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality, with recurrence risks posing significant challenges in early‐stage disease management. While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are common, the role of concurrent genetic alterations remains underexplored, and findings have often been inconsistent, particularly in early‐stage tumors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 424 EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients diagnosed from 2017 to 2022. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify genetic alterations, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to correlate TP53 mutations and EGFR amplification with protein expression. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses, while predictive cutoffs were determined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results TP53 mutations and EGFR amplification were more prevalent in Stages 2–4 compared to Stage 1 (p < 0.001 and 0.005, respectively). In Stage 1, TP53 mutations, particularly exon 4 and frameshift/nonsense types, were associated with worse overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). EGFR amplification was linked to shorter DFS in Stage 1 (p = 0.006). Both alterations correlated with aggressive pathological features, including advanced N stage, lymphovascular invasion, and high histological grade. IHC cutoffs of 15% for TP53 and H‐score ≥ 180 for EGFR amplification demonstrated high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.981 and 0.936, respectively). Conclusion Specific subtypes of TP53 mutations and EGFR amplification are important prognostic markers in early‐stage NSCLC. IHC offers a practical surrogate for genetic testing, aiding in risk stratification and guiding adjuvant therapy decisions for high‐risk patients. Larger validation studies are warranted.https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70058early‐stage lung cancerEGFR amplificationEGFR mutationnon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)TP53 mutation
spellingShingle Meejeong Kim
Gyeong Sin Park
Kyo Young Lee
Seok Whan Moon
Yeoun Eun Sung
Role of TP53 Mutations and EGFR Amplification in Risk Stratification of Early‐Stage EGFR‐Mutated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate Marker
Thoracic Cancer
early‐stage lung cancer
EGFR amplification
EGFR mutation
non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
TP53 mutation
title Role of TP53 Mutations and EGFR Amplification in Risk Stratification of Early‐Stage EGFR‐Mutated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate Marker
title_full Role of TP53 Mutations and EGFR Amplification in Risk Stratification of Early‐Stage EGFR‐Mutated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate Marker
title_fullStr Role of TP53 Mutations and EGFR Amplification in Risk Stratification of Early‐Stage EGFR‐Mutated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate Marker
title_full_unstemmed Role of TP53 Mutations and EGFR Amplification in Risk Stratification of Early‐Stage EGFR‐Mutated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate Marker
title_short Role of TP53 Mutations and EGFR Amplification in Risk Stratification of Early‐Stage EGFR‐Mutated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate Marker
title_sort role of tp53 mutations and egfr amplification in risk stratification of early stage egfr mutated non small cell lung cancer with immunohistochemistry as a surrogate marker
topic early‐stage lung cancer
EGFR amplification
EGFR mutation
non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
TP53 mutation
url https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70058
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