Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Their Current Role in the Identification and Comparison of Gleason Patterns in Prostate Cancer Histopathology: A Comprehensive Review

The development of the Gleason grading system has proven to be an irreplaceable tool in prostate cancer diagnostics within urology. Despite the advancements and developments in diagnostics, there remains a discrepancy in the grading process among even the most experienced pathologists. AI algorithms...

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Main Authors: Usman Khalid, Jasmin Gurung, Mladen Doykov, Gancho Kostov, Bozhidar Hristov, Petar Uchikov, Maria Kraeva, Krasimir Kraev, Daniel Doykov, Katya Doykova, Siyana Valova, Lyubomir Chervenkov, Eduard Tilkiyan, Krasimira Eneva
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/19/2127
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author Usman Khalid
Jasmin Gurung
Mladen Doykov
Gancho Kostov
Bozhidar Hristov
Petar Uchikov
Maria Kraeva
Krasimir Kraev
Daniel Doykov
Katya Doykova
Siyana Valova
Lyubomir Chervenkov
Eduard Tilkiyan
Krasimira Eneva
author_facet Usman Khalid
Jasmin Gurung
Mladen Doykov
Gancho Kostov
Bozhidar Hristov
Petar Uchikov
Maria Kraeva
Krasimir Kraev
Daniel Doykov
Katya Doykova
Siyana Valova
Lyubomir Chervenkov
Eduard Tilkiyan
Krasimira Eneva
author_sort Usman Khalid
collection DOAJ
description The development of the Gleason grading system has proven to be an irreplaceable tool in prostate cancer diagnostics within urology. Despite the advancements and developments in diagnostics, there remains a discrepancy in the grading process among even the most experienced pathologists. AI algorithms have demonstrated potential in detecting cancer and assigning Gleason grades, offering a solution to the issue of significant variability among pathologists’ evaluations. Our paper explores the evolving role of AI in prostate cancer histopathology, with a key focus on outcomes and the reliability of various AI algorithms for Gleason pattern assessment. We conducted a non-systematic review of the published literature to examine the role of artificial intelligence in Gleason pattern diagnostics. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to gather pertinent information about recent advancements in artificial intelligence and their impact on Gleason patterns. We found that AI algorithms are increasingly being used to identify Gleason patterns in prostate cancer, with recent studies showing promising advancements that surpass traditional diagnostic methods. These findings highlight AI’s potential to be integrated into clinical practice, enhancing pathologists’ workflows and improving patient outcomes. The inter-observer variability in Gleason grading has seen an improvement in efficiency with the implementation of AI. Pathologists using AI have reported successful outcomes, demonstrating its effectiveness as a supplementary tool. While some refinements are still needed before AI can be fully implemented in clinical practice, its positive impact is anticipated soon.
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spelling doaj-art-3349981992ea453eb56a8d6436cde6eb2025-08-20T01:47:44ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-09-011419212710.3390/diagnostics14192127Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Their Current Role in the Identification and Comparison of Gleason Patterns in Prostate Cancer Histopathology: A Comprehensive ReviewUsman Khalid0Jasmin Gurung1Mladen Doykov2Gancho Kostov3Bozhidar Hristov4Petar Uchikov5Maria Kraeva6Krasimir Kraev7Daniel Doykov8Katya Doykova9Siyana Valova10Lyubomir Chervenkov11Eduard Tilkiyan12Krasimira Eneva13Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaMedical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Urology and General Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaSecond Department of Internal Diseases, Section “Gastroenterology”, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaSecond Department of Internal Diseases, Section “Gastroenterology”, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaSecond Department of Internal Diseases, Section “Nephrology”, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaSecond Department of Internal Diseases, Section “Nephrology”, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Infectious diseases, Parasitology and Tropical medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaThe development of the Gleason grading system has proven to be an irreplaceable tool in prostate cancer diagnostics within urology. Despite the advancements and developments in diagnostics, there remains a discrepancy in the grading process among even the most experienced pathologists. AI algorithms have demonstrated potential in detecting cancer and assigning Gleason grades, offering a solution to the issue of significant variability among pathologists’ evaluations. Our paper explores the evolving role of AI in prostate cancer histopathology, with a key focus on outcomes and the reliability of various AI algorithms for Gleason pattern assessment. We conducted a non-systematic review of the published literature to examine the role of artificial intelligence in Gleason pattern diagnostics. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to gather pertinent information about recent advancements in artificial intelligence and their impact on Gleason patterns. We found that AI algorithms are increasingly being used to identify Gleason patterns in prostate cancer, with recent studies showing promising advancements that surpass traditional diagnostic methods. These findings highlight AI’s potential to be integrated into clinical practice, enhancing pathologists’ workflows and improving patient outcomes. The inter-observer variability in Gleason grading has seen an improvement in efficiency with the implementation of AI. Pathologists using AI have reported successful outcomes, demonstrating its effectiveness as a supplementary tool. While some refinements are still needed before AI can be fully implemented in clinical practice, its positive impact is anticipated soon.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/19/2127artificial intelligenceGleason patternprostate cancerhistopathology
spellingShingle Usman Khalid
Jasmin Gurung
Mladen Doykov
Gancho Kostov
Bozhidar Hristov
Petar Uchikov
Maria Kraeva
Krasimir Kraev
Daniel Doykov
Katya Doykova
Siyana Valova
Lyubomir Chervenkov
Eduard Tilkiyan
Krasimira Eneva
Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Their Current Role in the Identification and Comparison of Gleason Patterns in Prostate Cancer Histopathology: A Comprehensive Review
Diagnostics
artificial intelligence
Gleason pattern
prostate cancer
histopathology
title Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Their Current Role in the Identification and Comparison of Gleason Patterns in Prostate Cancer Histopathology: A Comprehensive Review
title_full Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Their Current Role in the Identification and Comparison of Gleason Patterns in Prostate Cancer Histopathology: A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Their Current Role in the Identification and Comparison of Gleason Patterns in Prostate Cancer Histopathology: A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Their Current Role in the Identification and Comparison of Gleason Patterns in Prostate Cancer Histopathology: A Comprehensive Review
title_short Artificial Intelligence Algorithms and Their Current Role in the Identification and Comparison of Gleason Patterns in Prostate Cancer Histopathology: A Comprehensive Review
title_sort artificial intelligence algorithms and their current role in the identification and comparison of gleason patterns in prostate cancer histopathology a comprehensive review
topic artificial intelligence
Gleason pattern
prostate cancer
histopathology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/19/2127
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