soundscape_IR: A source separation toolbox for exploring acoustic diversity in soundscapes
Abstract Soundscapes contain rich acoustic information associated with animal behaviours, environmental characteristics and human activities, providing opportunities for predicting biodiversity changes and associated drivers. However, assessing the diversity of animal vocalizations remains challengi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13960 |
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| author | Yi‐Jen Sun Shih‐Ching Yen Tzu‐Hao Lin |
| author_facet | Yi‐Jen Sun Shih‐Ching Yen Tzu‐Hao Lin |
| author_sort | Yi‐Jen Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Soundscapes contain rich acoustic information associated with animal behaviours, environmental characteristics and human activities, providing opportunities for predicting biodiversity changes and associated drivers. However, assessing the diversity of animal vocalizations remains challenging due to the interference of environmental and anthropogenic noise. A tool for separating sound sources and delineating changes in acoustic signals is crucial for an effective assessment of acoustic diversity. We present soundscape_IR, an open‐source Python toolbox dedicated to soundscape information retrieval in which nonnegative matrix factorization is applied. This toolbox provides algorithms for supervised and unsupervised source separation (SS). It also enables the use of a snapshot recording for model training and subsequently applying adaptive and semi‐supervised SS when target species produce sounds with varying features and when unseen sound sources are encountered. Our results demonstrated that SS could enhance the vocalizations of target species, characterize the complexity of vocal repertoires and investigate the spatio‐temporal divergence of soundscapes. In tropical forest soundscapes, the application of SS effectively detected the rutting vocalizations of sika deer and revealed a graded structure in their acoustic characteristics. In subtropical estuarine soundscapes, SS automated the process of identifying distinct biotic and abiotic sounds, and the result uncovered divergent sound compositions between inshore and offshore waters. Implementation of SS in soundscape analysis offers a promising method for streamlining the assessment of acoustic diversity in diverse environments. Future application of SS will open new directions to acoustically quantify ecological interactions across individual, species and ecosystem levels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-33476ae6897f49d7bf263be679f97619 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-210X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj-art-33476ae6897f49d7bf263be679f976192025-08-20T04:00:39ZengWileyMethods in Ecology and Evolution2041-210X2022-11-0113112347235510.1111/2041-210X.13960soundscape_IR: A source separation toolbox for exploring acoustic diversity in soundscapesYi‐Jen Sun0Shih‐Ching Yen1Tzu‐Hao Lin2Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan (R.O.C)Center for General Education National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan (R.O.C)Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan (R.O.C)Abstract Soundscapes contain rich acoustic information associated with animal behaviours, environmental characteristics and human activities, providing opportunities for predicting biodiversity changes and associated drivers. However, assessing the diversity of animal vocalizations remains challenging due to the interference of environmental and anthropogenic noise. A tool for separating sound sources and delineating changes in acoustic signals is crucial for an effective assessment of acoustic diversity. We present soundscape_IR, an open‐source Python toolbox dedicated to soundscape information retrieval in which nonnegative matrix factorization is applied. This toolbox provides algorithms for supervised and unsupervised source separation (SS). It also enables the use of a snapshot recording for model training and subsequently applying adaptive and semi‐supervised SS when target species produce sounds with varying features and when unseen sound sources are encountered. Our results demonstrated that SS could enhance the vocalizations of target species, characterize the complexity of vocal repertoires and investigate the spatio‐temporal divergence of soundscapes. In tropical forest soundscapes, the application of SS effectively detected the rutting vocalizations of sika deer and revealed a graded structure in their acoustic characteristics. In subtropical estuarine soundscapes, SS automated the process of identifying distinct biotic and abiotic sounds, and the result uncovered divergent sound compositions between inshore and offshore waters. Implementation of SS in soundscape analysis offers a promising method for streamlining the assessment of acoustic diversity in diverse environments. Future application of SS will open new directions to acoustically quantify ecological interactions across individual, species and ecosystem levels.https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13960acoustic diversitydenoisinginformation retrievalnonnegative matrix factorizationsoundscape dynamicsvocal repertoire |
| spellingShingle | Yi‐Jen Sun Shih‐Ching Yen Tzu‐Hao Lin soundscape_IR: A source separation toolbox for exploring acoustic diversity in soundscapes Methods in Ecology and Evolution acoustic diversity denoising information retrieval nonnegative matrix factorization soundscape dynamics vocal repertoire |
| title | soundscape_IR: A source separation toolbox for exploring acoustic diversity in soundscapes |
| title_full | soundscape_IR: A source separation toolbox for exploring acoustic diversity in soundscapes |
| title_fullStr | soundscape_IR: A source separation toolbox for exploring acoustic diversity in soundscapes |
| title_full_unstemmed | soundscape_IR: A source separation toolbox for exploring acoustic diversity in soundscapes |
| title_short | soundscape_IR: A source separation toolbox for exploring acoustic diversity in soundscapes |
| title_sort | soundscape ir a source separation toolbox for exploring acoustic diversity in soundscapes |
| topic | acoustic diversity denoising information retrieval nonnegative matrix factorization soundscape dynamics vocal repertoire |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13960 |
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