Comparative analysis of dentinal tubule penetration: effects of irrigation activation methods and root canal sealers: in-vitro study

Abstract Background To seal the entire root canal system is the main objective of root canal treatment. While obturating the main root canal, sealing the dentinal tubules that are known to open to the root canal system plays an important role. Present study investigated the dentine tubule penetratio...

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Main Authors: Yagmur Kilic, Mustafa Mert Tulgar, Emrah Karataslioglu, Tugba Turk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06419-y
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author Yagmur Kilic
Mustafa Mert Tulgar
Emrah Karataslioglu
Tugba Turk
author_facet Yagmur Kilic
Mustafa Mert Tulgar
Emrah Karataslioglu
Tugba Turk
author_sort Yagmur Kilic
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background To seal the entire root canal system is the main objective of root canal treatment. While obturating the main root canal, sealing the dentinal tubules that are known to open to the root canal system plays an important role. Present study investigated the dentine tubule penetration of different root canal sealers combined with different irrigation activation methods using an in-vitro model. Methods The root canal preperation of the 144 samples was completed using the Ni-Ti rotary K7 system. All samples were divided into 3 groups (n = 48) according to irrigation activation(sonic activation, passive ultrasonic activation and needle activation). Activation groups were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 12) according to the root canal sealer used (GuttaFlow, Bioroot RCS, AH Plus Bio, AH Plus Jet). Horizontal sections taken at the 6 mm level from the apex were examined with CLSM to evaluate the maximum penetration depth and penetration percentage. The normal distribution of numerical variables was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. The homogeneity of variances among groups was analyzed with the Levene test. Comparisons for log penetration depth and penetration percentage were made using two-way analysis of variance. Results In terms of penetration area, sonic activation showed significantly higher values compared to needle activation, while ultrasonic activation did not differ significantly from these two methods (p = 0.048). The Bioroot RCS group had a significantly higher penetration area percentage compared to the GuttaFlow group, with no significant differences among the other sealer groups (p = 0.017). In the AH Plus Jet group, the maximum penetration depth with ultrasonic activation was found to be significantly higher compared to needle activation (p = 0.036). Conclusion It was found that sonic activation and BioRoot RCS were superior in dentinal tubule penetration compared to other groups. All the groups have demonstrated penetration. It is believed that effective dentinal tubule penetration can be achieved with continuous irrigation, properly applied activation systems, and adherence to manufacturer instructions when using root canal sealers.
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spelling doaj-art-3333870a8a6d4998aede9b60db18541c2025-08-20T03:04:15ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-07-012511910.1186/s12903-025-06419-yComparative analysis of dentinal tubule penetration: effects of irrigation activation methods and root canal sealers: in-vitro studyYagmur Kilic0Mustafa Mert Tulgar1Emrah Karataslioglu2Tugba Turk3Faculty Of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Izmir Katip Celebi UniversityFaculty Of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Izmir Katip Celebi UniversityFaculty Of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Izmir Katip Celebi UniversityFaculty Of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ege UniversityAbstract Background To seal the entire root canal system is the main objective of root canal treatment. While obturating the main root canal, sealing the dentinal tubules that are known to open to the root canal system plays an important role. Present study investigated the dentine tubule penetration of different root canal sealers combined with different irrigation activation methods using an in-vitro model. Methods The root canal preperation of the 144 samples was completed using the Ni-Ti rotary K7 system. All samples were divided into 3 groups (n = 48) according to irrigation activation(sonic activation, passive ultrasonic activation and needle activation). Activation groups were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 12) according to the root canal sealer used (GuttaFlow, Bioroot RCS, AH Plus Bio, AH Plus Jet). Horizontal sections taken at the 6 mm level from the apex were examined with CLSM to evaluate the maximum penetration depth and penetration percentage. The normal distribution of numerical variables was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. The homogeneity of variances among groups was analyzed with the Levene test. Comparisons for log penetration depth and penetration percentage were made using two-way analysis of variance. Results In terms of penetration area, sonic activation showed significantly higher values compared to needle activation, while ultrasonic activation did not differ significantly from these two methods (p = 0.048). The Bioroot RCS group had a significantly higher penetration area percentage compared to the GuttaFlow group, with no significant differences among the other sealer groups (p = 0.017). In the AH Plus Jet group, the maximum penetration depth with ultrasonic activation was found to be significantly higher compared to needle activation (p = 0.036). Conclusion It was found that sonic activation and BioRoot RCS were superior in dentinal tubule penetration compared to other groups. All the groups have demonstrated penetration. It is believed that effective dentinal tubule penetration can be achieved with continuous irrigation, properly applied activation systems, and adherence to manufacturer instructions when using root canal sealers.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06419-yConfocal laser scanning microscopyDentine tubule penetrationIrrigation activationRoot canal sealer
spellingShingle Yagmur Kilic
Mustafa Mert Tulgar
Emrah Karataslioglu
Tugba Turk
Comparative analysis of dentinal tubule penetration: effects of irrigation activation methods and root canal sealers: in-vitro study
BMC Oral Health
Confocal laser scanning microscopy
Dentine tubule penetration
Irrigation activation
Root canal sealer
title Comparative analysis of dentinal tubule penetration: effects of irrigation activation methods and root canal sealers: in-vitro study
title_full Comparative analysis of dentinal tubule penetration: effects of irrigation activation methods and root canal sealers: in-vitro study
title_fullStr Comparative analysis of dentinal tubule penetration: effects of irrigation activation methods and root canal sealers: in-vitro study
title_full_unstemmed Comparative analysis of dentinal tubule penetration: effects of irrigation activation methods and root canal sealers: in-vitro study
title_short Comparative analysis of dentinal tubule penetration: effects of irrigation activation methods and root canal sealers: in-vitro study
title_sort comparative analysis of dentinal tubule penetration effects of irrigation activation methods and root canal sealers in vitro study
topic Confocal laser scanning microscopy
Dentine tubule penetration
Irrigation activation
Root canal sealer
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06419-y
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