Combined Use of Multiple Cloud‐Free Snow Cover Products in China and Its High‐Mountain Region: Implications From Snow Cover Identification to Snow Phenology Detection

Abstract Accurate snow phenology detection, including snow cover days (SCD), snow start date (SSD), and snow end date (SED), is increasingly important for understanding mountain hydrology such as snow heterogeneity and snowmelt seasonality. Multiple cloud‐free daily snow cover products have recently...

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Main Authors: Longhui Zhang, Hongbo Zhang, Xueyan Sun, Lun Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-06-01
Series:Water Resources Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036274
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author Longhui Zhang
Hongbo Zhang
Xueyan Sun
Lun Luo
author_facet Longhui Zhang
Hongbo Zhang
Xueyan Sun
Lun Luo
author_sort Longhui Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Accurate snow phenology detection, including snow cover days (SCD), snow start date (SSD), and snow end date (SED), is increasingly important for understanding mountain hydrology such as snow heterogeneity and snowmelt seasonality. Multiple cloud‐free daily snow cover products have recently been developed in China, employing diverse retrieval algorithms and cloud‐gap‐filling methods, resulting in varying accuracy levels. However, comprehensive analysis of differences among products and their impact on snow phenology detection is lacking. This study systematically evaluates eight state‐of‐the‐art snow cover products in China, focusing on the challenging Tibetan Plateau (TP). We introduce a novel metric, the consistency‐weighted correlation coefficient (CWR), customized for SSD and SED detection, and propose product‐combining schemes like “ensemble voting” and “sensor preference” to enhance reliability. Our findings highlight the prime influence of retrieval algorithms under clear‐sky conditions on accuracy, surpassing the importance of cloud‐gap‐filling methods. Specifically, a product optimizing normalized difference snow index thresholds for diverse landcover types consistently outperforms others in detecting all three snow phenology parameters, with correlation coefficients for SCD of 0.82 and 0.69, and CWR values for SSD of 0.54 and 0.40, and for SED of 0.53 and 0.37 in both China and the TP, respectively. Moreover, our proposed scheme combining three high‐accuracy products significantly enhances snow cover identification and SCD detection, especially when the best‐performing product alone faces substantial uncertainty. These findings provide immediate, crucial implications for optimizing the use of multiple cloud‐free products to enhance snow phenology detection, ultimately advancing the applicability of derived snow parameters in mountain hydrology research.
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spelling doaj-art-3331ab3fe1534adfaaefb4501feb28932025-08-20T02:36:28ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732024-06-01606n/an/a10.1029/2023WR036274Combined Use of Multiple Cloud‐Free Snow Cover Products in China and Its High‐Mountain Region: Implications From Snow Cover Identification to Snow Phenology DetectionLonghui Zhang0Hongbo Zhang1Xueyan Sun2Lun Luo3National Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources China Agricultural University Beijing ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources China Agricultural University Beijing ChinaYantai Research Institute, China Agricultural University Yantai ChinaMiddle Yarlung Zangbo River Natural Resources Observation and Research Station of Tibet Autonomous Region Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey Cheng Du ChinaAbstract Accurate snow phenology detection, including snow cover days (SCD), snow start date (SSD), and snow end date (SED), is increasingly important for understanding mountain hydrology such as snow heterogeneity and snowmelt seasonality. Multiple cloud‐free daily snow cover products have recently been developed in China, employing diverse retrieval algorithms and cloud‐gap‐filling methods, resulting in varying accuracy levels. However, comprehensive analysis of differences among products and their impact on snow phenology detection is lacking. This study systematically evaluates eight state‐of‐the‐art snow cover products in China, focusing on the challenging Tibetan Plateau (TP). We introduce a novel metric, the consistency‐weighted correlation coefficient (CWR), customized for SSD and SED detection, and propose product‐combining schemes like “ensemble voting” and “sensor preference” to enhance reliability. Our findings highlight the prime influence of retrieval algorithms under clear‐sky conditions on accuracy, surpassing the importance of cloud‐gap‐filling methods. Specifically, a product optimizing normalized difference snow index thresholds for diverse landcover types consistently outperforms others in detecting all three snow phenology parameters, with correlation coefficients for SCD of 0.82 and 0.69, and CWR values for SSD of 0.54 and 0.40, and for SED of 0.53 and 0.37 in both China and the TP, respectively. Moreover, our proposed scheme combining three high‐accuracy products significantly enhances snow cover identification and SCD detection, especially when the best‐performing product alone faces substantial uncertainty. These findings provide immediate, crucial implications for optimizing the use of multiple cloud‐free products to enhance snow phenology detection, ultimately advancing the applicability of derived snow parameters in mountain hydrology research.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036274cloud‐free snow cover productssnow cover mappingsnow phenologymulti‐product combinationChinaTibetan Plateau
spellingShingle Longhui Zhang
Hongbo Zhang
Xueyan Sun
Lun Luo
Combined Use of Multiple Cloud‐Free Snow Cover Products in China and Its High‐Mountain Region: Implications From Snow Cover Identification to Snow Phenology Detection
Water Resources Research
cloud‐free snow cover products
snow cover mapping
snow phenology
multi‐product combination
China
Tibetan Plateau
title Combined Use of Multiple Cloud‐Free Snow Cover Products in China and Its High‐Mountain Region: Implications From Snow Cover Identification to Snow Phenology Detection
title_full Combined Use of Multiple Cloud‐Free Snow Cover Products in China and Its High‐Mountain Region: Implications From Snow Cover Identification to Snow Phenology Detection
title_fullStr Combined Use of Multiple Cloud‐Free Snow Cover Products in China and Its High‐Mountain Region: Implications From Snow Cover Identification to Snow Phenology Detection
title_full_unstemmed Combined Use of Multiple Cloud‐Free Snow Cover Products in China and Its High‐Mountain Region: Implications From Snow Cover Identification to Snow Phenology Detection
title_short Combined Use of Multiple Cloud‐Free Snow Cover Products in China and Its High‐Mountain Region: Implications From Snow Cover Identification to Snow Phenology Detection
title_sort combined use of multiple cloud free snow cover products in china and its high mountain region implications from snow cover identification to snow phenology detection
topic cloud‐free snow cover products
snow cover mapping
snow phenology
multi‐product combination
China
Tibetan Plateau
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036274
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