Inter- and Intra-Estuarine Comparison of the Feeding Ecology of Keystone Fish Species in the Elbe and Odra Estuaries

Food webs in estuarine ecosystems serve as important biological indicators. The feeding ecology of four keystone fish species, pikeperch (<i>Sander lucioperca</i> L.), smelt (<i>Osmerus eperlanus</i> L.), ruffe (<i>Gymnocephalus cernua</i> L.) and flounder (<i&...

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Main Authors: Jesse Theilen, Sarah Storz, Sofía Amieva-Mau, Jessica Dohr, Elena Hauten, Raphael Koll, Christian Möllmann, Andrej Fabrizius, Ralf Thiel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Fishes
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/4/161
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author Jesse Theilen
Sarah Storz
Sofía Amieva-Mau
Jessica Dohr
Elena Hauten
Raphael Koll
Christian Möllmann
Andrej Fabrizius
Ralf Thiel
author_facet Jesse Theilen
Sarah Storz
Sofía Amieva-Mau
Jessica Dohr
Elena Hauten
Raphael Koll
Christian Möllmann
Andrej Fabrizius
Ralf Thiel
author_sort Jesse Theilen
collection DOAJ
description Food webs in estuarine ecosystems serve as important biological indicators. The feeding ecology of four keystone fish species, pikeperch (<i>Sander lucioperca</i> L.), smelt (<i>Osmerus eperlanus</i> L.), ruffe (<i>Gymnocephalus cernua</i> L.) and flounder (<i>Platichthys flesus</i> L.), in the Elbe and Odra estuaries was analyzed using stomach content analyses. Important prey of pikeperch were fishes and mysids in both estuaries. Amphipods were especially important as prey for smelt in the Elbe estuary, whereas smelt caught in the Odra estuary mainly consumed mysids. Ruffe fed mainly on amphipods in the Elbe estuary, while annelids (lower section) and insect larvae (upper section) were the most important prey in the Odra estuary. Flounder favored copepods as prey in the Elbe estuary, while bivalves were preferred in the Odra estuary. Higher dietary overlaps were found in the Elbe estuary between smelt vs. ruffe, pikeperch vs. ruffe, and pikeperch vs. smelt. In the Elbe estuary, a shift in the diet composition of pikeperch, smelt, and ruffe was observed from 2021 to 2022 compared to food analyses from the 1990s. These shifts included an increased consumption of amphipods, while mysids and copepods had recently decreased in their diets. These changes indicate a restructuring of the food web, potentially linked to environmental changes, which highlights the sensitivity of estuarine ecosystems.
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spelling doaj-art-33302c56b38943f2b23b80a0d63db52d2025-08-20T02:28:14ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882025-04-0110416110.3390/fishes10040161Inter- and Intra-Estuarine Comparison of the Feeding Ecology of Keystone Fish Species in the Elbe and Odra EstuariesJesse Theilen0Sarah Storz1Sofía Amieva-Mau2Jessica Dohr3Elena Hauten4Raphael Koll5Christian Möllmann6Andrej Fabrizius7Ralf Thiel8Centre for Taxonomy and Morphology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, GermanyDepartment of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Nautical and Maritime Transport, Biology, Bionics, City University of Applied Sciences, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, GermanyFaculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, NorwayIndependent Researcher, Elisabeth-Selbert-Straße 3, 28307 Bremen, GermanyInstitute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, University of Hamburg, Große Elbstraße 133, 22767 Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Cell- and Systems Biology of Animals, Molecular Animal Physiology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, University of Hamburg, Große Elbstraße 133, 22767 Hamburg, GermanyInstitute of Cell- and Systems Biology of Animals, Molecular Animal Physiology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, GermanyIndependent Researcher, Moristeig 3a, 23556 Lübeck, GermanyFood webs in estuarine ecosystems serve as important biological indicators. The feeding ecology of four keystone fish species, pikeperch (<i>Sander lucioperca</i> L.), smelt (<i>Osmerus eperlanus</i> L.), ruffe (<i>Gymnocephalus cernua</i> L.) and flounder (<i>Platichthys flesus</i> L.), in the Elbe and Odra estuaries was analyzed using stomach content analyses. Important prey of pikeperch were fishes and mysids in both estuaries. Amphipods were especially important as prey for smelt in the Elbe estuary, whereas smelt caught in the Odra estuary mainly consumed mysids. Ruffe fed mainly on amphipods in the Elbe estuary, while annelids (lower section) and insect larvae (upper section) were the most important prey in the Odra estuary. Flounder favored copepods as prey in the Elbe estuary, while bivalves were preferred in the Odra estuary. Higher dietary overlaps were found in the Elbe estuary between smelt vs. ruffe, pikeperch vs. ruffe, and pikeperch vs. smelt. In the Elbe estuary, a shift in the diet composition of pikeperch, smelt, and ruffe was observed from 2021 to 2022 compared to food analyses from the 1990s. These shifts included an increased consumption of amphipods, while mysids and copepods had recently decreased in their diets. These changes indicate a restructuring of the food web, potentially linked to environmental changes, which highlights the sensitivity of estuarine ecosystems.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/4/161estuariesfood websstomach contentfish
spellingShingle Jesse Theilen
Sarah Storz
Sofía Amieva-Mau
Jessica Dohr
Elena Hauten
Raphael Koll
Christian Möllmann
Andrej Fabrizius
Ralf Thiel
Inter- and Intra-Estuarine Comparison of the Feeding Ecology of Keystone Fish Species in the Elbe and Odra Estuaries
Fishes
estuaries
food webs
stomach content
fish
title Inter- and Intra-Estuarine Comparison of the Feeding Ecology of Keystone Fish Species in the Elbe and Odra Estuaries
title_full Inter- and Intra-Estuarine Comparison of the Feeding Ecology of Keystone Fish Species in the Elbe and Odra Estuaries
title_fullStr Inter- and Intra-Estuarine Comparison of the Feeding Ecology of Keystone Fish Species in the Elbe and Odra Estuaries
title_full_unstemmed Inter- and Intra-Estuarine Comparison of the Feeding Ecology of Keystone Fish Species in the Elbe and Odra Estuaries
title_short Inter- and Intra-Estuarine Comparison of the Feeding Ecology of Keystone Fish Species in the Elbe and Odra Estuaries
title_sort inter and intra estuarine comparison of the feeding ecology of keystone fish species in the elbe and odra estuaries
topic estuaries
food webs
stomach content
fish
url https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/4/161
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