Sequential novel use of Moringa oleifera Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, E. coli, and heavy metals from drinking water
This research investigates the individual and combined use of Moringa oleifera (MO) Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, pathogens, and heavy metals from drinking water. Contaminated water was synthetically prepared using kaolin, standard nickel/lead solutions, and Escherichia coli (E. coli)...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Cleaner Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000486 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850065444297244672 |
|---|---|
| author | Ahsan Shah Arun Arjunan Georgina Manning Maryam Batool Julia Zakharova Alisha J. Hawkins Fatima Ajani Ioanna Androulaki Anusha Thumma |
| author_facet | Ahsan Shah Arun Arjunan Georgina Manning Maryam Batool Julia Zakharova Alisha J. Hawkins Fatima Ajani Ioanna Androulaki Anusha Thumma |
| author_sort | Ahsan Shah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research investigates the individual and combined use of Moringa oleifera (MO) Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, pathogens, and heavy metals from drinking water. Contaminated water was synthetically prepared using kaolin, standard nickel/lead solutions, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The optimal dose of MO seed protein, extracted in 1 M NaCl solution, was determined using a jar test flocculator. MO treatment reduced water turbidity from 200 to 4 NTU and achieved a 1–2 log reduction in E. coli from an initial count of 1×105 CFU/ml. Nevertheless, no significant reduction in nickel and lead concentrations was noted. Subsequently, the MO-treated water was passed through a biochar column supported on a sand bed, revealing clear water with 1 NTU turbidity and no trace of E. coli counts being detected. The sequential process of using biochar and sand reduced nickel and lead by 97.5 % and 99.3 %, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the treated water met WHO and UK standards for safe drinking water. All experiments were performed in duplicates (n=2; P < 0.05). The scalability and economic feasibility of the project, the mechanism of removal of contaminants by MO and biochar, and the study's limitations are also discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3320e197ec414ebc8d025c1454c539e0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2950-2632 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cleaner Water |
| spelling | doaj-art-3320e197ec414ebc8d025c1454c539e02025-08-20T02:49:00ZengElsevierCleaner Water2950-26322024-12-01210005010.1016/j.clwat.2024.100050Sequential novel use of Moringa oleifera Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, E. coli, and heavy metals from drinking waterAhsan Shah0Arun Arjunan1Georgina Manning2Maryam Batool3Julia Zakharova4Alisha J. Hawkins5Fatima Ajani6Ioanna Androulaki7Anusha Thumma8Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UKSchool of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK; Correspondence to: Centre for Engineering Innovation and Research (CEIR) School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences,University of Wolverhampton, Telford TF2 9NT, United Kingdom.Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, PakistanFaculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UKFaculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UKFaculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UKFaculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UKDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, FL, USAThis research investigates the individual and combined use of Moringa oleifera (MO) Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, pathogens, and heavy metals from drinking water. Contaminated water was synthetically prepared using kaolin, standard nickel/lead solutions, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The optimal dose of MO seed protein, extracted in 1 M NaCl solution, was determined using a jar test flocculator. MO treatment reduced water turbidity from 200 to 4 NTU and achieved a 1–2 log reduction in E. coli from an initial count of 1×105 CFU/ml. Nevertheless, no significant reduction in nickel and lead concentrations was noted. Subsequently, the MO-treated water was passed through a biochar column supported on a sand bed, revealing clear water with 1 NTU turbidity and no trace of E. coli counts being detected. The sequential process of using biochar and sand reduced nickel and lead by 97.5 % and 99.3 %, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the treated water met WHO and UK standards for safe drinking water. All experiments were performed in duplicates (n=2; P < 0.05). The scalability and economic feasibility of the project, the mechanism of removal of contaminants by MO and biochar, and the study's limitations are also discussed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000486Water purificationNatural coagulantsCarbonised biomassSuspended solidsPathogensToxic metals |
| spellingShingle | Ahsan Shah Arun Arjunan Georgina Manning Maryam Batool Julia Zakharova Alisha J. Hawkins Fatima Ajani Ioanna Androulaki Anusha Thumma Sequential novel use of Moringa oleifera Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, E. coli, and heavy metals from drinking water Cleaner Water Water purification Natural coagulants Carbonised biomass Suspended solids Pathogens Toxic metals |
| title | Sequential novel use of Moringa oleifera Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, E. coli, and heavy metals from drinking water |
| title_full | Sequential novel use of Moringa oleifera Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, E. coli, and heavy metals from drinking water |
| title_fullStr | Sequential novel use of Moringa oleifera Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, E. coli, and heavy metals from drinking water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sequential novel use of Moringa oleifera Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, E. coli, and heavy metals from drinking water |
| title_short | Sequential novel use of Moringa oleifera Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, E. coli, and heavy metals from drinking water |
| title_sort | sequential novel use of moringa oleifera lam biochar and sand to remove turbidity e coli and heavy metals from drinking water |
| topic | Water purification Natural coagulants Carbonised biomass Suspended solids Pathogens Toxic metals |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000486 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahsanshah sequentialnoveluseofmoringaoleiferalambiocharandsandtoremoveturbidityecoliandheavymetalsfromdrinkingwater AT arunarjunan sequentialnoveluseofmoringaoleiferalambiocharandsandtoremoveturbidityecoliandheavymetalsfromdrinkingwater AT georginamanning sequentialnoveluseofmoringaoleiferalambiocharandsandtoremoveturbidityecoliandheavymetalsfromdrinkingwater AT maryambatool sequentialnoveluseofmoringaoleiferalambiocharandsandtoremoveturbidityecoliandheavymetalsfromdrinkingwater AT juliazakharova sequentialnoveluseofmoringaoleiferalambiocharandsandtoremoveturbidityecoliandheavymetalsfromdrinkingwater AT alishajhawkins sequentialnoveluseofmoringaoleiferalambiocharandsandtoremoveturbidityecoliandheavymetalsfromdrinkingwater AT fatimaajani sequentialnoveluseofmoringaoleiferalambiocharandsandtoremoveturbidityecoliandheavymetalsfromdrinkingwater AT ioannaandroulaki sequentialnoveluseofmoringaoleiferalambiocharandsandtoremoveturbidityecoliandheavymetalsfromdrinkingwater AT anushathumma sequentialnoveluseofmoringaoleiferalambiocharandsandtoremoveturbidityecoliandheavymetalsfromdrinkingwater |