Monitoring Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in Different Areas of Maize Crops and Its Pesticide Susceptibility Testing Under Controlled Conditions

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest, particularly destructive to maize crops all over the world. It is native to America but has strong flying capabilities, and currently, the FAW has invaded many Asian countries, including Pakistan. The...

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Main Authors: Alia Tajdar, Chuan Cao, Khalid Abbas, Muhammad Shah Zaib, Hafiz Muhammad Safeer, Syed Muhammad Zaka, Wangpeng Shi, Waqar Jaleel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Toxicology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jt/6651151
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author Alia Tajdar
Chuan Cao
Khalid Abbas
Muhammad Shah Zaib
Hafiz Muhammad Safeer
Syed Muhammad Zaka
Wangpeng Shi
Waqar Jaleel
author_facet Alia Tajdar
Chuan Cao
Khalid Abbas
Muhammad Shah Zaib
Hafiz Muhammad Safeer
Syed Muhammad Zaka
Wangpeng Shi
Waqar Jaleel
author_sort Alia Tajdar
collection DOAJ
description Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest, particularly destructive to maize crops all over the world. It is native to America but has strong flying capabilities, and currently, the FAW has invaded many Asian countries, including Pakistan. Therefore, the current study aims to monitor its activity in four different areas of Pakistan. The damage percentage was recorded in different fields of maize crops caused by FAW. Furthermore, the susceptibility test of four different pesticides was performed against FAW under laboratory conditions. Maximum damage was recorded in the autumn crops that were surrounded by other alternative hosts such as sorghum, potato, jantar, rice chilies, and cotton when compared to the spring crops (with no alternate host in their surroundings). Temperature seems to play an important role in the size of the FAW population and the damage they cause. The results showed that among the four tested insecticides, emamectin benzoate and lufenuron exhibited higher toxic effects, while chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin showed lower toxicities against FAW. Additionally, the study revealed an increasing resistance of FAW populations to commonly used insecticides, especially in South Punjab. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated pest management strategies to address resistance development. Despite the observed resistance, emamectin benzoate remains a viable control option, but proactive resistance management is crucial for its continued effectiveness in long-term FAW control.
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spelling doaj-art-331c022cab754d6d99db97086f518a3c2025-08-20T02:19:58ZengWileyJournal of Toxicology1687-82052025-01-01202510.1155/jt/6651151Monitoring Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in Different Areas of Maize Crops and Its Pesticide Susceptibility Testing Under Controlled ConditionsAlia Tajdar0Chuan Cao1Khalid Abbas2Muhammad Shah Zaib3Hafiz Muhammad Safeer4Syed Muhammad Zaka5Wangpeng Shi6Waqar Jaleel7Department of EntomologyDepartment of EntomologyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of EntomologyEntomology SectionFall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest, particularly destructive to maize crops all over the world. It is native to America but has strong flying capabilities, and currently, the FAW has invaded many Asian countries, including Pakistan. Therefore, the current study aims to monitor its activity in four different areas of Pakistan. The damage percentage was recorded in different fields of maize crops caused by FAW. Furthermore, the susceptibility test of four different pesticides was performed against FAW under laboratory conditions. Maximum damage was recorded in the autumn crops that were surrounded by other alternative hosts such as sorghum, potato, jantar, rice chilies, and cotton when compared to the spring crops (with no alternate host in their surroundings). Temperature seems to play an important role in the size of the FAW population and the damage they cause. The results showed that among the four tested insecticides, emamectin benzoate and lufenuron exhibited higher toxic effects, while chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin showed lower toxicities against FAW. Additionally, the study revealed an increasing resistance of FAW populations to commonly used insecticides, especially in South Punjab. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated pest management strategies to address resistance development. Despite the observed resistance, emamectin benzoate remains a viable control option, but proactive resistance management is crucial for its continued effectiveness in long-term FAW control.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jt/6651151
spellingShingle Alia Tajdar
Chuan Cao
Khalid Abbas
Muhammad Shah Zaib
Hafiz Muhammad Safeer
Syed Muhammad Zaka
Wangpeng Shi
Waqar Jaleel
Monitoring Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in Different Areas of Maize Crops and Its Pesticide Susceptibility Testing Under Controlled Conditions
Journal of Toxicology
title Monitoring Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in Different Areas of Maize Crops and Its Pesticide Susceptibility Testing Under Controlled Conditions
title_full Monitoring Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in Different Areas of Maize Crops and Its Pesticide Susceptibility Testing Under Controlled Conditions
title_fullStr Monitoring Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in Different Areas of Maize Crops and Its Pesticide Susceptibility Testing Under Controlled Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Monitoring Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in Different Areas of Maize Crops and Its Pesticide Susceptibility Testing Under Controlled Conditions
title_short Monitoring Activity of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in Different Areas of Maize Crops and Its Pesticide Susceptibility Testing Under Controlled Conditions
title_sort monitoring activity of spodoptera frugiperda smith in different areas of maize crops and its pesticide susceptibility testing under controlled conditions
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jt/6651151
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