In vitro antiproliferative activity, docking study, and plausible mode of action of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A against breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines

Abstract Background The endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10 has been reported to produce metabolite bis-anthraquinone (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A in high titers. In this study, we evaluated the potential of this metabolite as an anti-breast cancer agent by conducting antiproliferative activity stud...

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Main Authors: Agus Budiawan Naro Putra, Kartika Dyah Palupi, Ahmad Fathoni, Listiana Oktavia, Endah Puji Septisetyani, Arif Nurkanto, Praptiwi Praptiwi, Dewi Wulansari, Adi Santoso, Dwinna Rahmi, Andria Agusta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00632-y
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author Agus Budiawan Naro Putra
Kartika Dyah Palupi
Ahmad Fathoni
Listiana Oktavia
Endah Puji Septisetyani
Arif Nurkanto
Praptiwi Praptiwi
Dewi Wulansari
Adi Santoso
Dwinna Rahmi
Andria Agusta
author_facet Agus Budiawan Naro Putra
Kartika Dyah Palupi
Ahmad Fathoni
Listiana Oktavia
Endah Puji Septisetyani
Arif Nurkanto
Praptiwi Praptiwi
Dewi Wulansari
Adi Santoso
Dwinna Rahmi
Andria Agusta
author_sort Agus Budiawan Naro Putra
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10 has been reported to produce metabolite bis-anthraquinone (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A in high titers. In this study, we evaluated the potential of this metabolite as an anti-breast cancer agent by conducting antiproliferative activity studies against two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D. Materials and methods The antiproliferative activity of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A was determined by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. In addition, the mode of action was assessed by several techniques, including the formation of apoptotic bodies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the interaction or intercalation between (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A with calf thymus DNA as indicated by the UV and 1H-NMR spectra. Moreover, molecular docking was also conducted. Results (+)-2,2′-Epicytoskyrin A exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against MCF-7 and T47D cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for MCF-7 and T47D cells were 50.77 ± 33.23 µM and 36.24 ± 12.57 µM, respectively. (+)-2,2′-Epicytoskyrin A induced cancer cell death and promoted the formation of apoptotic bodies in both cell lines. These phenomena were expected to be facilitated by the DNA-binding ability of hydrogen atoms contained in (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A. Molecular docking data indicated that (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A might bind to the minor groove area of DNA, suggesting its potential as a DNA intercalator. Conclusion This study highlighted the potential of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A as a promising candidate for future breast cancer treatment. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-33071f7a40aa4b179f3eba96801debce2025-08-20T03:53:13ZengSpringerOpenBeni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences2314-85432025-05-0114111310.1186/s43088-025-00632-yIn vitro antiproliferative activity, docking study, and plausible mode of action of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A against breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell linesAgus Budiawan Naro Putra0Kartika Dyah Palupi1Ahmad Fathoni2Listiana Oktavia3Endah Puji Septisetyani4Arif Nurkanto5Praptiwi Praptiwi6Dewi Wulansari7Adi Santoso8Dwinna Rahmi9Andria Agusta10Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Abstract Background The endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10 has been reported to produce metabolite bis-anthraquinone (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A in high titers. In this study, we evaluated the potential of this metabolite as an anti-breast cancer agent by conducting antiproliferative activity studies against two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D. Materials and methods The antiproliferative activity of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A was determined by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. In addition, the mode of action was assessed by several techniques, including the formation of apoptotic bodies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the interaction or intercalation between (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A with calf thymus DNA as indicated by the UV and 1H-NMR spectra. Moreover, molecular docking was also conducted. Results (+)-2,2′-Epicytoskyrin A exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against MCF-7 and T47D cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for MCF-7 and T47D cells were 50.77 ± 33.23 µM and 36.24 ± 12.57 µM, respectively. (+)-2,2′-Epicytoskyrin A induced cancer cell death and promoted the formation of apoptotic bodies in both cell lines. These phenomena were expected to be facilitated by the DNA-binding ability of hydrogen atoms contained in (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A. Molecular docking data indicated that (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A might bind to the minor groove area of DNA, suggesting its potential as a DNA intercalator. Conclusion This study highlighted the potential of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A as a promising candidate for future breast cancer treatment. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00632-y(+)-2,2′-Epicytoskyrin AAntiproliferativeDiaporthe sp. GNBP-10Uncaria gambier
spellingShingle Agus Budiawan Naro Putra
Kartika Dyah Palupi
Ahmad Fathoni
Listiana Oktavia
Endah Puji Septisetyani
Arif Nurkanto
Praptiwi Praptiwi
Dewi Wulansari
Adi Santoso
Dwinna Rahmi
Andria Agusta
In vitro antiproliferative activity, docking study, and plausible mode of action of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A against breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
(+)-2,2′-Epicytoskyrin A
Antiproliferative
Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10
Uncaria gambier
title In vitro antiproliferative activity, docking study, and plausible mode of action of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A against breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines
title_full In vitro antiproliferative activity, docking study, and plausible mode of action of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A against breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines
title_fullStr In vitro antiproliferative activity, docking study, and plausible mode of action of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A against breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines
title_full_unstemmed In vitro antiproliferative activity, docking study, and plausible mode of action of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A against breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines
title_short In vitro antiproliferative activity, docking study, and plausible mode of action of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A against breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines
title_sort in vitro antiproliferative activity docking study and plausible mode of action of 2 2 epicytoskyrin a against breast cancer mcf 7 and t47d cell lines
topic (+)-2,2′-Epicytoskyrin A
Antiproliferative
Diaporthe sp. GNBP-10
Uncaria gambier
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00632-y
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