Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ): development and validation of a questionnaire for change-sensitive assessment of gender dysphoria
We developed and evaluated the Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ), a tool designed to assess distress due to gender incongruence in individuals aged 18 and above with sensitivity to change. The 31 items of the questionnaire were generated through semi-structured guideline interviews with tra...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1540500/full |
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| author | Antonia Möck Inken Tödt Mathis Landsberg Alexander Pohl |
| author_facet | Antonia Möck Inken Tödt Mathis Landsberg Alexander Pohl |
| author_sort | Antonia Möck |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We developed and evaluated the Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ), a tool designed to assess distress due to gender incongruence in individuals aged 18 and above with sensitivity to change. The 31 items of the questionnaire were generated through semi-structured guideline interviews with trans* patients (n = 7) and experts (n = 5), which were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Additionally, modified items from other questionnaires and the item collection of a working group were considered. Subsequently, the questionnaire was completed online by gender-dysphoric participants (N = 219). A principal axis analysis revealed a conceptually plausible three-factor structure with the subscales Alienation, Gender Role Pressure, and Body Dysphoria. All subscales demonstrated at least good internal consistency with α ≥ 0.80. A correlational comparison of two testing periods indicated high test-retest reliability (r = 0.84). The convergent validity with the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale—Gender Spectrum and the divergent validity with the PHQ-9 module of the Patient Health Questionnaire were only partially demonstrated, as the predetermined thresholds were slightly under (r < 0.50) or overstepped (r > 0.40). The assessment of known-groups validity showed expected mean differences. The results suggest that the KGDQ is a reliable and valid instrument for capturing various aspects of gender dysphoria over time. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-32fe018473b64d52a4ab67d7cf485dd7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj-art-32fe018473b64d52a4ab67d7cf485dd72025-08-20T03:44:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-06-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15405001540500Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ): development and validation of a questionnaire for change-sensitive assessment of gender dysphoriaAntonia Möck0Inken Tödt1Mathis Landsberg2Alexander Pohl3Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, GermanyInstitute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, ZIP GmbH, Kiel, GermanyInstitute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, ZIP GmbH, Kiel, GermanyInstitute for Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, ZIP GmbH, Kiel, GermanyWe developed and evaluated the Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ), a tool designed to assess distress due to gender incongruence in individuals aged 18 and above with sensitivity to change. The 31 items of the questionnaire were generated through semi-structured guideline interviews with trans* patients (n = 7) and experts (n = 5), which were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Additionally, modified items from other questionnaires and the item collection of a working group were considered. Subsequently, the questionnaire was completed online by gender-dysphoric participants (N = 219). A principal axis analysis revealed a conceptually plausible three-factor structure with the subscales Alienation, Gender Role Pressure, and Body Dysphoria. All subscales demonstrated at least good internal consistency with α ≥ 0.80. A correlational comparison of two testing periods indicated high test-retest reliability (r = 0.84). The convergent validity with the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale—Gender Spectrum and the divergent validity with the PHQ-9 module of the Patient Health Questionnaire were only partially demonstrated, as the predetermined thresholds were slightly under (r < 0.50) or overstepped (r > 0.40). The assessment of known-groups validity showed expected mean differences. The results suggest that the KGDQ is a reliable and valid instrument for capturing various aspects of gender dysphoria over time.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1540500/fulltransgendergender dysphoriagender incongruencetranssexualismmental health |
| spellingShingle | Antonia Möck Inken Tödt Mathis Landsberg Alexander Pohl Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ): development and validation of a questionnaire for change-sensitive assessment of gender dysphoria Frontiers in Psychology transgender gender dysphoria gender incongruence transsexualism mental health |
| title | Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ): development and validation of a questionnaire for change-sensitive assessment of gender dysphoria |
| title_full | Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ): development and validation of a questionnaire for change-sensitive assessment of gender dysphoria |
| title_fullStr | Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ): development and validation of a questionnaire for change-sensitive assessment of gender dysphoria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ): development and validation of a questionnaire for change-sensitive assessment of gender dysphoria |
| title_short | Kiel Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire (KGDQ): development and validation of a questionnaire for change-sensitive assessment of gender dysphoria |
| title_sort | kiel gender dysphoria questionnaire kgdq development and validation of a questionnaire for change sensitive assessment of gender dysphoria |
| topic | transgender gender dysphoria gender incongruence transsexualism mental health |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1540500/full |
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