Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption
This study explores the use of porous carbon derived from palm kernel shells to adsorb lead ions (Pb2+) from water. Porous carbon was produced by carbonizing palm kernel shells at different temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) and was evaluated for its effectiveness in a lead chloride (PbCl2) solutio...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/100714 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849735294632329216 |
|---|---|
| author | Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah Azwar Manaf Tiara Valency Andreas Andreas Maykel Manawan |
| author_facet | Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah Azwar Manaf Tiara Valency Andreas Andreas Maykel Manawan |
| author_sort | Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study explores the use of porous carbon derived from palm kernel shells to adsorb lead ions (Pb2+) from water. Porous carbon was produced by carbonizing palm kernel shells at different temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) and was evaluated for its effectiveness in a lead chloride (PbCl2) solution. The best adsorption rate, reducing Pb2+ concentration by 27.5%, was observed by carbonized material at 800 °C with a 3 h contact time. Kinetic analysis suggested that the process followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the dominant mechanism. The adsorption data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm, implying multilayer adsorption on an uneven surface. These findings highlight the efficient and low-cost potential of palm kernel shell-based porous carbon for removing heavy metals from wastewater. Palm kernel shell-derived porous carbon has proven to be a sustainable, cost-effective, and practical solution for mitigating Pb2+ contamination, positioning it as a promising candidate for environmentally friendly water treatment applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-32fd2bcfdb7e4d6596e6e0c797534699 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1411-9420 2460-1578 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indonesian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-32fd2bcfdb7e4d6596e6e0c7975346992025-08-20T03:07:35ZengDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah MadaIndonesian Journal of Chemistry1411-94202460-15782025-05-0125378779910.22146/ijc.10071437265Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal AdsorptionMas Ayu Elita Hafizah0Azwar Manaf1Tiara Valency2Andreas Andreas3Maykel Manawan4Department of Weaponry Technology, Faculty of Defense Science and Technology, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia (UNHAN), Complex of Indonesia Peace and Security Center (IPSC), Sentul, Bogor 16810, IndonesiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, IndonesiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, IndonesiaResearch Center of Advanced Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek Area Building 452, Puspiptek, Serpong, Banten 15314, IndonesiaDepartment of Weaponry Technology, Faculty of Defense Science and Technology, Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia (UNHAN), Complex of Indonesia Peace and Security Center (IPSC), Sentul, Bogor 16810, IndonesiaThis study explores the use of porous carbon derived from palm kernel shells to adsorb lead ions (Pb2+) from water. Porous carbon was produced by carbonizing palm kernel shells at different temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) and was evaluated for its effectiveness in a lead chloride (PbCl2) solution. The best adsorption rate, reducing Pb2+ concentration by 27.5%, was observed by carbonized material at 800 °C with a 3 h contact time. Kinetic analysis suggested that the process followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the dominant mechanism. The adsorption data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm, implying multilayer adsorption on an uneven surface. These findings highlight the efficient and low-cost potential of palm kernel shell-based porous carbon for removing heavy metals from wastewater. Palm kernel shell-derived porous carbon has proven to be a sustainable, cost-effective, and practical solution for mitigating Pb2+ contamination, positioning it as a promising candidate for environmentally friendly water treatment applications.https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/100714porous carbonsmetal absorptionheavy metaladsorption capacity |
| spellingShingle | Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah Azwar Manaf Tiara Valency Andreas Andreas Maykel Manawan Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption Indonesian Journal of Chemistry porous carbons metal absorption heavy metal adsorption capacity |
| title | Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption |
| title_full | Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption |
| title_fullStr | Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption |
| title_short | Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption |
| title_sort | optimized carbonization and kinetic analysis of palm kernel shell porous carbon for heavy metal adsorption |
| topic | porous carbons metal absorption heavy metal adsorption capacity |
| url | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/100714 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT masayuelitahafizah optimizedcarbonizationandkineticanalysisofpalmkernelshellporouscarbonforheavymetaladsorption AT azwarmanaf optimizedcarbonizationandkineticanalysisofpalmkernelshellporouscarbonforheavymetaladsorption AT tiaravalency optimizedcarbonizationandkineticanalysisofpalmkernelshellporouscarbonforheavymetaladsorption AT andreasandreas optimizedcarbonizationandkineticanalysisofpalmkernelshellporouscarbonforheavymetaladsorption AT maykelmanawan optimizedcarbonizationandkineticanalysisofpalmkernelshellporouscarbonforheavymetaladsorption |