Irshalwadi landslide in Western Ghats of India: Observations from precursory slope movement, rainfall and soil moisture

The Western Ghats of India, a UNESCO world heritage site, is gradually becoming a hotspot for catastrophic landslides. On July 19, 2023, the entire Irshalwadi village in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India, was obliterated due to a single catastrophic landslide. Of the 228 residents of the vil...

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Main Authors: Nirmala Jain, Priyom Roy, Punit Jalan, Tapas R. Martha, Iswar C. Das
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. 2024-12-01
Series:Natural Hazards Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666592124000040
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author Nirmala Jain
Priyom Roy
Punit Jalan
Tapas R. Martha
Iswar C. Das
author_facet Nirmala Jain
Priyom Roy
Punit Jalan
Tapas R. Martha
Iswar C. Das
author_sort Nirmala Jain
collection DOAJ
description The Western Ghats of India, a UNESCO world heritage site, is gradually becoming a hotspot for catastrophic landslides. On July 19, 2023, the entire Irshalwadi village in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India, was obliterated due to a single catastrophic landslide. Of the 228 residents of the village, the landslide killed 27 people and 57 are still reported to be missing. The landslide occurred on a slope which exhibited no visual precedence of disturbance or creep. However, analysis of potential precursory movements prior to slope failure using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique reveals active movement near the base of the slope (in order of ∼12 ​mm/y). Sentinel-2 satellite imagery acquired post-event characterises the landslide as a bifurcated debris flow possibly triggered by heavy rainfall in the region. Peak cumulative rainfall, estimated by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), was observed in this region on 17, 18 and July 19, 2023 (∼500) mm and was the highest recorded rainfall in the region during the given period. This caused significant water percolation into the porous basaltic soil, leading to increased soil moisture, as supported by the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) data. The resultant increase in pore pressure caused the slope material to fail and eventually trigger the landslide.
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publisher KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
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spelling doaj-art-32db2859e2494ecc9344ab19504004a42025-08-20T02:19:34ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Natural Hazards Research2666-59212024-12-014457958310.1016/j.nhres.2024.01.004Irshalwadi landslide in Western Ghats of India: Observations from precursory slope movement, rainfall and soil moistureNirmala Jain0Priyom Roy1Punit Jalan2Tapas R. Martha3Iswar C. Das4National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Hyderabad, 500 037, IndiaCorresponding author.; National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Hyderabad, 500 037, IndiaNational Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Hyderabad, 500 037, IndiaNational Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Hyderabad, 500 037, IndiaNational Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Hyderabad, 500 037, IndiaThe Western Ghats of India, a UNESCO world heritage site, is gradually becoming a hotspot for catastrophic landslides. On July 19, 2023, the entire Irshalwadi village in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India, was obliterated due to a single catastrophic landslide. Of the 228 residents of the village, the landslide killed 27 people and 57 are still reported to be missing. The landslide occurred on a slope which exhibited no visual precedence of disturbance or creep. However, analysis of potential precursory movements prior to slope failure using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique reveals active movement near the base of the slope (in order of ∼12 ​mm/y). Sentinel-2 satellite imagery acquired post-event characterises the landslide as a bifurcated debris flow possibly triggered by heavy rainfall in the region. Peak cumulative rainfall, estimated by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), was observed in this region on 17, 18 and July 19, 2023 (∼500) mm and was the highest recorded rainfall in the region during the given period. This caused significant water percolation into the porous basaltic soil, leading to increased soil moisture, as supported by the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) data. The resultant increase in pore pressure caused the slope material to fail and eventually trigger the landslide.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666592124000040Rainfall induced landslideSoil moistureRainfallBasaltic terrain
spellingShingle Nirmala Jain
Priyom Roy
Punit Jalan
Tapas R. Martha
Iswar C. Das
Irshalwadi landslide in Western Ghats of India: Observations from precursory slope movement, rainfall and soil moisture
Natural Hazards Research
Rainfall induced landslide
Soil moisture
Rainfall
Basaltic terrain
title Irshalwadi landslide in Western Ghats of India: Observations from precursory slope movement, rainfall and soil moisture
title_full Irshalwadi landslide in Western Ghats of India: Observations from precursory slope movement, rainfall and soil moisture
title_fullStr Irshalwadi landslide in Western Ghats of India: Observations from precursory slope movement, rainfall and soil moisture
title_full_unstemmed Irshalwadi landslide in Western Ghats of India: Observations from precursory slope movement, rainfall and soil moisture
title_short Irshalwadi landslide in Western Ghats of India: Observations from precursory slope movement, rainfall and soil moisture
title_sort irshalwadi landslide in western ghats of india observations from precursory slope movement rainfall and soil moisture
topic Rainfall induced landslide
Soil moisture
Rainfall
Basaltic terrain
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666592124000040
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