Analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of sunset yellow in commercial food samples employing green ultrasound assisted extraction: Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluation
Sunset Yellow FCF (E110) is a widely utillized azo synthetic food colorant due to its appealing hue and significant market popularity. Attributable to the health risks caused by excessive usage of Sunset Yellow, ecologically safe method for quantifying the same are to be prioritized. The purpose of...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Green Analytical Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577424000922 |
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| author | Atyurmila Chakraborty Kavitha Jayaseelan |
| author_facet | Atyurmila Chakraborty Kavitha Jayaseelan |
| author_sort | Atyurmila Chakraborty |
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| description | Sunset Yellow FCF (E110) is a widely utillized azo synthetic food colorant due to its appealing hue and significant market popularity. Attributable to the health risks caused by excessive usage of Sunset Yellow, ecologically safe method for quantifying the same are to be prioritized. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate an Analytical Quality by Design based eco-friendly HPLC method followed by ultrasound assisted extraction of food samples and confirmation of them using FTIR. To comply with the requirements of green analytical chemistry ethanol was utilized because of its environmental friendliness nature. The chromatographic parameters were optimized using rotatable central composite designs (rCCD) whereas the separation was performed on a Phenomenex column (C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, i.d 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of a 34.4:65.6 (v/v) mixture of ethanol and acetate buffer at flow rate of 1.1 ml/min with detection wavelength of 510 nm. The elution of Sunset Yellow occurred after 2.133 min. The method was thoroughly validated and tested as part of the forced degradation investigation to ascertain its stability-indicating properties. When evaluating the extent of greenness, the Green Analytical Procedure Index, Analytical Eco Scale and AGREE metrics tools yielded the best findings. The blueness and whiteness of the method was assessed by Blue Applicability Grade Index and Red-Green-Blue 12 (RGB 12) algorithm respectively with a high score which shows high practicality, cost effectiveness and ecofriendliness of the method. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-32d70fdbde944958825f5a3c2cff25da |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2772-5774 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Green Analytical Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-32d70fdbde944958825f5a3c2cff25da2025-08-20T01:59:34ZengElsevierGreen Analytical Chemistry2772-57742025-03-011210018310.1016/j.greeac.2024.100183Analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of sunset yellow in commercial food samples employing green ultrasound assisted extraction: Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluationAtyurmila Chakraborty0Kavitha Jayaseelan1Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, IndiaCorresponding author at: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, 603 203. Tamil Nadu, India.; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Dist., 603203, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSunset Yellow FCF (E110) is a widely utillized azo synthetic food colorant due to its appealing hue and significant market popularity. Attributable to the health risks caused by excessive usage of Sunset Yellow, ecologically safe method for quantifying the same are to be prioritized. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate an Analytical Quality by Design based eco-friendly HPLC method followed by ultrasound assisted extraction of food samples and confirmation of them using FTIR. To comply with the requirements of green analytical chemistry ethanol was utilized because of its environmental friendliness nature. The chromatographic parameters were optimized using rotatable central composite designs (rCCD) whereas the separation was performed on a Phenomenex column (C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, i.d 5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of a 34.4:65.6 (v/v) mixture of ethanol and acetate buffer at flow rate of 1.1 ml/min with detection wavelength of 510 nm. The elution of Sunset Yellow occurred after 2.133 min. The method was thoroughly validated and tested as part of the forced degradation investigation to ascertain its stability-indicating properties. When evaluating the extent of greenness, the Green Analytical Procedure Index, Analytical Eco Scale and AGREE metrics tools yielded the best findings. The blueness and whiteness of the method was assessed by Blue Applicability Grade Index and Red-Green-Blue 12 (RGB 12) algorithm respectively with a high score which shows high practicality, cost effectiveness and ecofriendliness of the method.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577424000922Sunset yellowRP-HPLCUltrasound assisted extractionFood sampleAnalytical quality by designGreen analytical chemistry |
| spellingShingle | Atyurmila Chakraborty Kavitha Jayaseelan Analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of sunset yellow in commercial food samples employing green ultrasound assisted extraction: Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluation Green Analytical Chemistry Sunset yellow RP-HPLC Ultrasound assisted extraction Food sample Analytical quality by design Green analytical chemistry |
| title | Analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of sunset yellow in commercial food samples employing green ultrasound assisted extraction: Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluation |
| title_full | Analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of sunset yellow in commercial food samples employing green ultrasound assisted extraction: Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of sunset yellow in commercial food samples employing green ultrasound assisted extraction: Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of sunset yellow in commercial food samples employing green ultrasound assisted extraction: Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluation |
| title_short | Analytical quality by design aided RP-HPLC method for the estimation of sunset yellow in commercial food samples employing green ultrasound assisted extraction: Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluation |
| title_sort | analytical quality by design aided rp hplc method for the estimation of sunset yellow in commercial food samples employing green ultrasound assisted extraction greenness blueness and whiteness evaluation |
| topic | Sunset yellow RP-HPLC Ultrasound assisted extraction Food sample Analytical quality by design Green analytical chemistry |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772577424000922 |
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