Singlet Oxygen in Food: A Review on Its Formation, Oxidative Damages, Quenchers, and Applications in Preservation

Singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) has been proven to simultaneously cause oxidative damage to food and the death of microorganisms. In order to enhance the utilization of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in food systems, this review presents an overv...

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Main Authors: Limei Xiao, Shoujing Zheng, Zhengrong Lin, Chunyan Zhang, Hua Zhang, Jiebo Chen, Lu Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/7/865
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author Limei Xiao
Shoujing Zheng
Zhengrong Lin
Chunyan Zhang
Hua Zhang
Jiebo Chen
Lu Wang
author_facet Limei Xiao
Shoujing Zheng
Zhengrong Lin
Chunyan Zhang
Hua Zhang
Jiebo Chen
Lu Wang
author_sort Limei Xiao
collection DOAJ
description Singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) has been proven to simultaneously cause oxidative damage to food and the death of microorganisms. In order to enhance the utilization of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in food systems, this review presents an overview of recent studies on the formation mechanisms of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, the damage mechanisms of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> on food, the self-protective mechanisms in food against <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, and the applications of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in food preservation based on the narrative review guidelines. Studies have shown that in vegetable and meat systems, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> is mainly produced through photochemical reactions. It has been suggested that proteins and lipids are the main target compounds for oxygen in food. Natural antioxidants in food (such as vitamin E and carotenoids) can remove <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> through physical or chemical quenching mechanisms. Novel preservation techniques featuring a thin film technology coupled with photosensitizers have been employed on the surface of food to prolong the shelf life. However, how to balance the bactericidal effect of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and its oxidative effects on food still requires further research. It could be feasible that <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> will play an increasingly important role in the future food industry on the premise of strengthening supervision over food safety risks induced by <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3921
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Antioxidants
spelling doaj-art-32c9a49df35643febab501e07deee65c2025-08-20T03:55:52ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-07-0114786510.3390/antiox14070865Singlet Oxygen in Food: A Review on Its Formation, Oxidative Damages, Quenchers, and Applications in PreservationLimei Xiao0Shoujing Zheng1Zhengrong Lin2Chunyan Zhang3Hua Zhang4Jiebo Chen5Lu Wang6National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaDepartment of Agriculture and Food Science, Jinshan College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaSinglet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) has been proven to simultaneously cause oxidative damage to food and the death of microorganisms. In order to enhance the utilization of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in food systems, this review presents an overview of recent studies on the formation mechanisms of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, the damage mechanisms of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> on food, the self-protective mechanisms in food against <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, and the applications of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> in food preservation based on the narrative review guidelines. Studies have shown that in vegetable and meat systems, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> is mainly produced through photochemical reactions. It has been suggested that proteins and lipids are the main target compounds for oxygen in food. Natural antioxidants in food (such as vitamin E and carotenoids) can remove <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> through physical or chemical quenching mechanisms. Novel preservation techniques featuring a thin film technology coupled with photosensitizers have been employed on the surface of food to prolong the shelf life. However, how to balance the bactericidal effect of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and its oxidative effects on food still requires further research. It could be feasible that <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> will play an increasingly important role in the future food industry on the premise of strengthening supervision over food safety risks induced by <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/7/865singlet oxygenformation mechanismsoxidative damagesquenching mechanismsfood preservation
spellingShingle Limei Xiao
Shoujing Zheng
Zhengrong Lin
Chunyan Zhang
Hua Zhang
Jiebo Chen
Lu Wang
Singlet Oxygen in Food: A Review on Its Formation, Oxidative Damages, Quenchers, and Applications in Preservation
Antioxidants
singlet oxygen
formation mechanisms
oxidative damages
quenching mechanisms
food preservation
title Singlet Oxygen in Food: A Review on Its Formation, Oxidative Damages, Quenchers, and Applications in Preservation
title_full Singlet Oxygen in Food: A Review on Its Formation, Oxidative Damages, Quenchers, and Applications in Preservation
title_fullStr Singlet Oxygen in Food: A Review on Its Formation, Oxidative Damages, Quenchers, and Applications in Preservation
title_full_unstemmed Singlet Oxygen in Food: A Review on Its Formation, Oxidative Damages, Quenchers, and Applications in Preservation
title_short Singlet Oxygen in Food: A Review on Its Formation, Oxidative Damages, Quenchers, and Applications in Preservation
title_sort singlet oxygen in food a review on its formation oxidative damages quenchers and applications in preservation
topic singlet oxygen
formation mechanisms
oxidative damages
quenching mechanisms
food preservation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/7/865
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AT zhengronglin singletoxygeninfoodareviewonitsformationoxidativedamagesquenchersandapplicationsinpreservation
AT chunyanzhang singletoxygeninfoodareviewonitsformationoxidativedamagesquenchersandapplicationsinpreservation
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