Mechanisms of γ-ray irradiation induced oxidation corrosion in SnBi eutectic solder joints: Insights from first-principles calculations

As deep space exploration and extraterrestrial missions increase, the long-term radiation-induced deterioration of solder joint performance has become a critical factor limiting their long-term operational stability. This study employs quasi-in-situ characterization and first-principles calculations...

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Main Authors: Qilong Guan, Shengli Li, Kai Li, Xuan Li, Ruiqi Wang, Xiaojiu Tang, Chunjin Hang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525004198
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author Qilong Guan
Shengli Li
Kai Li
Xuan Li
Ruiqi Wang
Xiaojiu Tang
Chunjin Hang
author_facet Qilong Guan
Shengli Li
Kai Li
Xuan Li
Ruiqi Wang
Xiaojiu Tang
Chunjin Hang
author_sort Qilong Guan
collection DOAJ
description As deep space exploration and extraterrestrial missions increase, the long-term radiation-induced deterioration of solder joint performance has become a critical factor limiting their long-term operational stability. This study employs quasi-in-situ characterization and first-principles calculations to investigates the microstructural evolution and oxidation behavior of SnBi eutectic solder joints under γ-ray irradiation. Sn oxides preferentially form at the Sn/Bi interface, and with prolonged irradiation, Sn and Bi oxides accumulate. After 200 h, the solder joint surface becomes fully covered by Sn oxides. Atomic vacancies induced by γ-ray irradiation enhance the adsorption of O2 molecules on the Sn and Bi surfaces and accelerates the oxidation process. Bi incorporation lowers the work function of the Sn-based solid solution than Bi-based solid solution, making Sn more susceptible to oxidation. Additionally, the low diffusion energy barrier of Sn atoms into SnO2 facilitates their continuous migration across the Sn/SnO2 interface and SnO2, thereby promoting the sustained thickening of the SnO2 oxide layer. The present results provide key insights into microstructural evolution and oxidation processes of the SnBi solder joints, supporting the development of more reliable solder materials for next-generation spaceborne electronic systems.
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issn 0264-1275
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series Materials & Design
spelling doaj-art-32bc4d36bbbd4956a4466cb0afcb4e642025-08-20T02:35:36ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-06-0125411399910.1016/j.matdes.2025.113999Mechanisms of γ-ray irradiation induced oxidation corrosion in SnBi eutectic solder joints: Insights from first-principles calculationsQilong Guan0Shengli Li1Kai Li2Xuan Li3Ruiqi Wang4Xiaojiu Tang5Chunjin Hang6National Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, ChinaQianyuan National Laboratory, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaChina Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Beijing 100041, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China; Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Corresponding author.As deep space exploration and extraterrestrial missions increase, the long-term radiation-induced deterioration of solder joint performance has become a critical factor limiting their long-term operational stability. This study employs quasi-in-situ characterization and first-principles calculations to investigates the microstructural evolution and oxidation behavior of SnBi eutectic solder joints under γ-ray irradiation. Sn oxides preferentially form at the Sn/Bi interface, and with prolonged irradiation, Sn and Bi oxides accumulate. After 200 h, the solder joint surface becomes fully covered by Sn oxides. Atomic vacancies induced by γ-ray irradiation enhance the adsorption of O2 molecules on the Sn and Bi surfaces and accelerates the oxidation process. Bi incorporation lowers the work function of the Sn-based solid solution than Bi-based solid solution, making Sn more susceptible to oxidation. Additionally, the low diffusion energy barrier of Sn atoms into SnO2 facilitates their continuous migration across the Sn/SnO2 interface and SnO2, thereby promoting the sustained thickening of the SnO2 oxide layer. The present results provide key insights into microstructural evolution and oxidation processes of the SnBi solder joints, supporting the development of more reliable solder materials for next-generation spaceborne electronic systems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525004198γ-ray irradiationSnBi eutectic solder jointsOxidation corrosionQuasi-in-situ characterizationDFT calculation
spellingShingle Qilong Guan
Shengli Li
Kai Li
Xuan Li
Ruiqi Wang
Xiaojiu Tang
Chunjin Hang
Mechanisms of γ-ray irradiation induced oxidation corrosion in SnBi eutectic solder joints: Insights from first-principles calculations
Materials & Design
γ-ray irradiation
SnBi eutectic solder joints
Oxidation corrosion
Quasi-in-situ characterization
DFT calculation
title Mechanisms of γ-ray irradiation induced oxidation corrosion in SnBi eutectic solder joints: Insights from first-principles calculations
title_full Mechanisms of γ-ray irradiation induced oxidation corrosion in SnBi eutectic solder joints: Insights from first-principles calculations
title_fullStr Mechanisms of γ-ray irradiation induced oxidation corrosion in SnBi eutectic solder joints: Insights from first-principles calculations
title_full_unstemmed Mechanisms of γ-ray irradiation induced oxidation corrosion in SnBi eutectic solder joints: Insights from first-principles calculations
title_short Mechanisms of γ-ray irradiation induced oxidation corrosion in SnBi eutectic solder joints: Insights from first-principles calculations
title_sort mechanisms of γ ray irradiation induced oxidation corrosion in snbi eutectic solder joints insights from first principles calculations
topic γ-ray irradiation
SnBi eutectic solder joints
Oxidation corrosion
Quasi-in-situ characterization
DFT calculation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525004198
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