Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Gender Disparities in Children with Excessive Body Weight in a Southern European Municipality

Background/Objectives: Previous research has indicated that gender differences exist in the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic (SE) deprivation and childhood excessive body weight. However, none of these studies were conducted in a metropolitan area of southern Europe. This study aims t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ana C. Lourenço, Helena G. Nogueira, Daniela Rodrigues, Augusta Gama, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Maria Raquel G. Silva, Cristina Padez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Children
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/3/321
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850203795232915456
author Ana C. Lourenço
Helena G. Nogueira
Daniela Rodrigues
Augusta Gama
Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues
Maria Raquel G. Silva
Cristina Padez
author_facet Ana C. Lourenço
Helena G. Nogueira
Daniela Rodrigues
Augusta Gama
Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues
Maria Raquel G. Silva
Cristina Padez
author_sort Ana C. Lourenço
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: Previous research has indicated that gender differences exist in the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic (SE) deprivation and childhood excessive body weight. However, none of these studies were conducted in a metropolitan area of southern Europe. This study aims to investigate whether the association between neighborhood SE deprivation and childhood excessive body weight in the capital of the Porto Metropolitan Area is influenced by gender. Methods: The sample comprised 832 children (434 girls) aged between 3 and 10 years. Weight and height measurements were taken objectively, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The International Obesity Task Force cutoffs were used to identify the children with excessive body weight. Neighborhood SE deprivation was measured using the 2011 Portuguese version of the European Deprivation Index. Logistic regression models were applied for data analysis. Results: Overall, 27.8% of the participating children had excessive body weight. The prevalence of excessive body weight was higher in the neighborhoods characterized by high SE deprivation compared to those with low SE deprivation (34.4% vs. 23.1%). In a multivariable analysis, the girls living in high SE deprivation neighborhoods had a 90% higher risk of excessive body weight compared to the girls in low SE deprivation neighborhoods (OR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.05–3.44; <i>p</i> = 0.035). No significant association was observed between neighborhood SE deprivation and body weight in the boys. Conclusions: The findings indicate that neighborhood SE deprivation substantially increases the risk of excessive body weight, particularly among girls. Therefore, prevention and intervention strategies aimed at addressing excessive body weight gain should specifically target the populations and areas that are at a higher risk.
format Article
id doaj-art-32bbf3051791468a98ff2a7c2bb32ce5
institution OA Journals
issn 2227-9067
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Children
spelling doaj-art-32bbf3051791468a98ff2a7c2bb32ce52025-08-20T02:11:25ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-03-0112332110.3390/children12030321Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Gender Disparities in Children with Excessive Body Weight in a Southern European MunicipalityAna C. Lourenço0Helena G. Nogueira1Daniela Rodrigues2Augusta Gama3Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues4Maria Raquel G. Silva5Cristina Padez6CIAS—Reseach Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalCIAS—Reseach Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalCIAS—Reseach Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalCIAS—Reseach Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalCIAS—Reseach Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalCIAS—Reseach Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalCIAS—Reseach Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, PortugalBackground/Objectives: Previous research has indicated that gender differences exist in the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic (SE) deprivation and childhood excessive body weight. However, none of these studies were conducted in a metropolitan area of southern Europe. This study aims to investigate whether the association between neighborhood SE deprivation and childhood excessive body weight in the capital of the Porto Metropolitan Area is influenced by gender. Methods: The sample comprised 832 children (434 girls) aged between 3 and 10 years. Weight and height measurements were taken objectively, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The International Obesity Task Force cutoffs were used to identify the children with excessive body weight. Neighborhood SE deprivation was measured using the 2011 Portuguese version of the European Deprivation Index. Logistic regression models were applied for data analysis. Results: Overall, 27.8% of the participating children had excessive body weight. The prevalence of excessive body weight was higher in the neighborhoods characterized by high SE deprivation compared to those with low SE deprivation (34.4% vs. 23.1%). In a multivariable analysis, the girls living in high SE deprivation neighborhoods had a 90% higher risk of excessive body weight compared to the girls in low SE deprivation neighborhoods (OR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.05–3.44; <i>p</i> = 0.035). No significant association was observed between neighborhood SE deprivation and body weight in the boys. Conclusions: The findings indicate that neighborhood SE deprivation substantially increases the risk of excessive body weight, particularly among girls. Therefore, prevention and intervention strategies aimed at addressing excessive body weight gain should specifically target the populations and areas that are at a higher risk.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/3/321area-level socioeconomic deprivationexcessive weight gaingender disparitieschildrensouthern Europe
spellingShingle Ana C. Lourenço
Helena G. Nogueira
Daniela Rodrigues
Augusta Gama
Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues
Maria Raquel G. Silva
Cristina Padez
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Gender Disparities in Children with Excessive Body Weight in a Southern European Municipality
Children
area-level socioeconomic deprivation
excessive weight gain
gender disparities
children
southern Europe
title Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Gender Disparities in Children with Excessive Body Weight in a Southern European Municipality
title_full Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Gender Disparities in Children with Excessive Body Weight in a Southern European Municipality
title_fullStr Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Gender Disparities in Children with Excessive Body Weight in a Southern European Municipality
title_full_unstemmed Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Gender Disparities in Children with Excessive Body Weight in a Southern European Municipality
title_short Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation and Gender Disparities in Children with Excessive Body Weight in a Southern European Municipality
title_sort neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and gender disparities in children with excessive body weight in a southern european municipality
topic area-level socioeconomic deprivation
excessive weight gain
gender disparities
children
southern Europe
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/3/321
work_keys_str_mv AT anaclourenco neighborhoodsocioeconomicdeprivationandgenderdisparitiesinchildrenwithexcessivebodyweightinasoutherneuropeanmunicipality
AT helenagnogueira neighborhoodsocioeconomicdeprivationandgenderdisparitiesinchildrenwithexcessivebodyweightinasoutherneuropeanmunicipality
AT danielarodrigues neighborhoodsocioeconomicdeprivationandgenderdisparitiesinchildrenwithexcessivebodyweightinasoutherneuropeanmunicipality
AT augustagama neighborhoodsocioeconomicdeprivationandgenderdisparitiesinchildrenwithexcessivebodyweightinasoutherneuropeanmunicipality
AT aristidesmmachadorodrigues neighborhoodsocioeconomicdeprivationandgenderdisparitiesinchildrenwithexcessivebodyweightinasoutherneuropeanmunicipality
AT mariaraquelgsilva neighborhoodsocioeconomicdeprivationandgenderdisparitiesinchildrenwithexcessivebodyweightinasoutherneuropeanmunicipality
AT cristinapadez neighborhoodsocioeconomicdeprivationandgenderdisparitiesinchildrenwithexcessivebodyweightinasoutherneuropeanmunicipality