High-dimensional anticounterfeiting nanodiamonds authenticated with deep metric learning

Abstract Physical unclonable function labels have emerged as a promising candidate for achieving unbreakable anticounterfeiting. Despite their significant progress, two challenges for developing practical physical unclonable function systems remain, namely 1) fairly few high-dimensional encoded labe...

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Main Authors: Lingzhi Wang, Xin Yu, Tongtong Zhang, Yong Hou, Dangyuan Lei, Xiaojuan Qi, Zhiqin Chu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55014-2
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author Lingzhi Wang
Xin Yu
Tongtong Zhang
Yong Hou
Dangyuan Lei
Xiaojuan Qi
Zhiqin Chu
author_facet Lingzhi Wang
Xin Yu
Tongtong Zhang
Yong Hou
Dangyuan Lei
Xiaojuan Qi
Zhiqin Chu
author_sort Lingzhi Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Physical unclonable function labels have emerged as a promising candidate for achieving unbreakable anticounterfeiting. Despite their significant progress, two challenges for developing practical physical unclonable function systems remain, namely 1) fairly few high-dimensional encoded labels with excellent material properties, and 2) existing authentication methods with poor noise tolerance or inapplicability to unseen labels. Herein, we employ the linear polarization modulation of randomly distributed fluorescent nanodiamonds to demonstrate, for the first time, three-dimensional encoding for diamond-based labels. Briefly, our three-dimensional encoding scheme provides digitized images with an encoding capacity of 109771 and high distinguishability under a short readout time of 7.5 s. The high photostability and inertness of fluorescent nanodiamonds endow our labels with high reproducibility and long-term stability. To address the second challenge, we employ a deep metric learning algorithm to develop an authentication methodology that computes the similarity of deep features of digitized images, exhibiting a better noise tolerance than the classical point-by-point comparison method. Meanwhile, it overcomes the key limitation of existing artificial intelligence-driven classification-based methods, i.e., inapplicability to unseen labels. Considering the high performance of both fluorescent nanodiamonds labels and deep metric learning authentication, our work provides the basis for developing practical physical unclonable function anticounterfeiting systems.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
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series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-3298eea4e98e491889841f3dece707692024-12-08T12:37:01ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232024-12-0115111310.1038/s41467-024-55014-2High-dimensional anticounterfeiting nanodiamonds authenticated with deep metric learningLingzhi Wang0Xin Yu1Tongtong Zhang2Yong Hou3Dangyuan Lei4Xiaojuan Qi5Zhiqin Chu6Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong KongDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong KongAbstract Physical unclonable function labels have emerged as a promising candidate for achieving unbreakable anticounterfeiting. Despite their significant progress, two challenges for developing practical physical unclonable function systems remain, namely 1) fairly few high-dimensional encoded labels with excellent material properties, and 2) existing authentication methods with poor noise tolerance or inapplicability to unseen labels. Herein, we employ the linear polarization modulation of randomly distributed fluorescent nanodiamonds to demonstrate, for the first time, three-dimensional encoding for diamond-based labels. Briefly, our three-dimensional encoding scheme provides digitized images with an encoding capacity of 109771 and high distinguishability under a short readout time of 7.5 s. The high photostability and inertness of fluorescent nanodiamonds endow our labels with high reproducibility and long-term stability. To address the second challenge, we employ a deep metric learning algorithm to develop an authentication methodology that computes the similarity of deep features of digitized images, exhibiting a better noise tolerance than the classical point-by-point comparison method. Meanwhile, it overcomes the key limitation of existing artificial intelligence-driven classification-based methods, i.e., inapplicability to unseen labels. Considering the high performance of both fluorescent nanodiamonds labels and deep metric learning authentication, our work provides the basis for developing practical physical unclonable function anticounterfeiting systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55014-2
spellingShingle Lingzhi Wang
Xin Yu
Tongtong Zhang
Yong Hou
Dangyuan Lei
Xiaojuan Qi
Zhiqin Chu
High-dimensional anticounterfeiting nanodiamonds authenticated with deep metric learning
Nature Communications
title High-dimensional anticounterfeiting nanodiamonds authenticated with deep metric learning
title_full High-dimensional anticounterfeiting nanodiamonds authenticated with deep metric learning
title_fullStr High-dimensional anticounterfeiting nanodiamonds authenticated with deep metric learning
title_full_unstemmed High-dimensional anticounterfeiting nanodiamonds authenticated with deep metric learning
title_short High-dimensional anticounterfeiting nanodiamonds authenticated with deep metric learning
title_sort high dimensional anticounterfeiting nanodiamonds authenticated with deep metric learning
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55014-2
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