Exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan: evidence from the 2022–2023 multiple indicator cluster survey

Abstract Background National prevalence estimates of exclusive breastfeeding practices could serve as the basis for future policy efforts and specific interventions. However, little is known about the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan. This study...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai, Essa Tawfiq, Massoma Jafari, Zainab Ezadi, Zarghoon Tareen, Sayed Ali Shah Alawi, Hadia Sayam, Abdul Wahed Wasiq, Omid Dadras
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00963-7
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author Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai
Essa Tawfiq
Massoma Jafari
Zainab Ezadi
Zarghoon Tareen
Sayed Ali Shah Alawi
Hadia Sayam
Abdul Wahed Wasiq
Omid Dadras
author_facet Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai
Essa Tawfiq
Massoma Jafari
Zainab Ezadi
Zarghoon Tareen
Sayed Ali Shah Alawi
Hadia Sayam
Abdul Wahed Wasiq
Omid Dadras
author_sort Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background National prevalence estimates of exclusive breastfeeding practices could serve as the basis for future policy efforts and specific interventions. However, little is known about the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices among infants aged 0–5 months in Afghanistan. Methods Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data collected between 2022 and 2023 were used for this analysis. Data from 3,141 mother-infant dyads were included in the study. The outcome variable was exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), defined as the proportion of infants 0–5 months of age who were fed only breast milk in the past 24 h. Binary logistic regression models were applied to examine the likelihood of EBF across the categories of independent variables. Results In the studied population, 67.0% (95%CI 65%-69%) of the infants were exclusively breastfed. The likelihood of EBF was higher in infants born to mothers with secondary or higher education [AOR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.04–1.76] and in infants with timely initiation of breastfeeding [AOR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.07–1.46]. However, the female sex of the infant was associated with lower odds of EBF practices [AOR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.72–0.97]. Conclusion The practice of exclusive breastfeeding is at a good level (67%) in Afghanistan. Higher maternal education level, timely breastfeeding initiation, and being a male infant increased the likelihood of EBF practices. Policy efforts and interventions focused on these factors could enhance EBF practices in Afghanistan.
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spelling doaj-art-328de964ca20497f95da65a565ab47bc2025-08-20T02:36:50ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-06-014411810.1186/s41043-025-00963-7Exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan: evidence from the 2022–2023 multiple indicator cluster surveyMuhammad Haroon Stanikzai0Essa Tawfiq1Massoma Jafari2Zainab Ezadi3Zarghoon Tareen4Sayed Ali Shah Alawi5Hadia Sayam6Abdul Wahed Wasiq7Omid Dadras8Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kandahar UniversityThe Kirby Institute, UNSW SydneyDepartment of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of TorontoMaster of Science in Midwifery, Reproductive HealthDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kandahar UniversityUHI Project/JHPIEGODepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kandahar UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kandahar UniversityResearch Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of TurkuAbstract Background National prevalence estimates of exclusive breastfeeding practices could serve as the basis for future policy efforts and specific interventions. However, little is known about the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices among infants aged 0–5 months in Afghanistan. Methods Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data collected between 2022 and 2023 were used for this analysis. Data from 3,141 mother-infant dyads were included in the study. The outcome variable was exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), defined as the proportion of infants 0–5 months of age who were fed only breast milk in the past 24 h. Binary logistic regression models were applied to examine the likelihood of EBF across the categories of independent variables. Results In the studied population, 67.0% (95%CI 65%-69%) of the infants were exclusively breastfed. The likelihood of EBF was higher in infants born to mothers with secondary or higher education [AOR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.04–1.76] and in infants with timely initiation of breastfeeding [AOR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.07–1.46]. However, the female sex of the infant was associated with lower odds of EBF practices [AOR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.72–0.97]. Conclusion The practice of exclusive breastfeeding is at a good level (67%) in Afghanistan. Higher maternal education level, timely breastfeeding initiation, and being a male infant increased the likelihood of EBF practices. Policy efforts and interventions focused on these factors could enhance EBF practices in Afghanistan.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00963-7Exclusive breastfeedingPrevalenceDeterminantsAfghanistan
spellingShingle Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai
Essa Tawfiq
Massoma Jafari
Zainab Ezadi
Zarghoon Tareen
Sayed Ali Shah Alawi
Hadia Sayam
Abdul Wahed Wasiq
Omid Dadras
Exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan: evidence from the 2022–2023 multiple indicator cluster survey
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Exclusive breastfeeding
Prevalence
Determinants
Afghanistan
title Exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan: evidence from the 2022–2023 multiple indicator cluster survey
title_full Exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan: evidence from the 2022–2023 multiple indicator cluster survey
title_fullStr Exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan: evidence from the 2022–2023 multiple indicator cluster survey
title_full_unstemmed Exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan: evidence from the 2022–2023 multiple indicator cluster survey
title_short Exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan: evidence from the 2022–2023 multiple indicator cluster survey
title_sort exclusive breastfeeding practices in afghanistan evidence from the 2022 2023 multiple indicator cluster survey
topic Exclusive breastfeeding
Prevalence
Determinants
Afghanistan
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00963-7
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