Association between hemoglobin glycation index and the risk of cardiovascular disease in early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

Association between hemoglobin glycation index and the risk of cardiovascular disease in early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

BackgroundCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome reflects the interplay among metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has demonstrated prognostic value for cardiovascular events, its clinical utility remains...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Huiyi Liu, Shuai Mao, Yunzhang Zhao, Lisha Dong, Yifan Wang, Chao Lv, Tong Yin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
Subjects:
HGI
glycemic variability
cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome
CVD
CHARLS
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1554032/full
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