Dynamic immune response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens: Insights into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) poses a significant threat to the U.S. poultry industry, causing respiratory infections and systemic colibacillosis. Understanding APEC's impact on the immune response is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study in...

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Main Authors: Xin Ye, Chuan-Yu Hsu, Linan Jia, Xue Zhang, Christopher Magee, Stephanie Whitham, Spencer Leigh, Jeffrey D. Evans, Li Zhang, Kelsy Robinson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Poultry Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125002688
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author Xin Ye
Chuan-Yu Hsu
Linan Jia
Xue Zhang
Christopher Magee
Stephanie Whitham
Spencer Leigh
Jeffrey D. Evans
Li Zhang
Kelsy Robinson
author_facet Xin Ye
Chuan-Yu Hsu
Linan Jia
Xue Zhang
Christopher Magee
Stephanie Whitham
Spencer Leigh
Jeffrey D. Evans
Li Zhang
Kelsy Robinson
author_sort Xin Ye
collection DOAJ
description Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) poses a significant threat to the U.S. poultry industry, causing respiratory infections and systemic colibacillosis. Understanding APEC's impact on the immune response is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study investigates the dynamic immune responses to APEC infection in broiler chickens, with a focus on survival rates, airsac lesion scores, and cytokine gene expression patterns in lung tissue. Seven-day-old broiler chicks were divided into control and APEC-inoculated groups, with the control group receiving tryptic soy broth and the APEC group receiving 7 × 10^7 CFU of APEC via intratracheal inoculation. Survival data included both male and female birds, while airsac lesion score and lung tissue samples for gene expression analyses were collected only from male birds at nine time points post-infection (days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 21). High airsac lesion incidence and mortality were observed during early infection stages, decreasing in mid to later stages as anti-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated. The lung gene expression study analyzed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6), regulator (SOCS3), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGFβ-2, TGFβ-3, and IL-1RN) via RT-qPCR assays, using 18S rRNA for normalization. A two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's Kramer test evaluated the effects of APEC treatment and days post-infection on gene expression, with the Mann-Whitney U test comparing fold changes between groups. Results indicated an early upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ and IL-1β, followed by the modulatory roles of SOCS3, TGF-β, and IL-1RN, balancing the immune response and possibly preventing excessive tissue damage. This study elucidates the dynamic regulation of key cytokines during APEC infection in chickens, providing insights into immune mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving disease management in poultry, potentially reducing antibiotic dependence and enhancing overall poultry health and productivity.
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spelling doaj-art-327aeea2212f4ed1a31928a76cc5f92e2025-08-20T03:24:44ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912025-06-01104610502910.1016/j.psj.2025.105029Dynamic immune response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens: Insights into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulationXin Ye0Chuan-Yu Hsu1Linan Jia2Xue Zhang3Christopher Magee4Stephanie Whitham5Spencer Leigh6Jeffrey D. Evans7Li Zhang8Kelsy Robinson9Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.Institute for Genomic, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.Department of Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.Poultry Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAPoultry Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAPoultry Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAPoultry Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mississippi State, MS 39762, USADepartment of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.Poultry Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; Corresponding author: Poultry Research Unit, 150 Twelve Lane, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USAAvian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) poses a significant threat to the U.S. poultry industry, causing respiratory infections and systemic colibacillosis. Understanding APEC's impact on the immune response is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study investigates the dynamic immune responses to APEC infection in broiler chickens, with a focus on survival rates, airsac lesion scores, and cytokine gene expression patterns in lung tissue. Seven-day-old broiler chicks were divided into control and APEC-inoculated groups, with the control group receiving tryptic soy broth and the APEC group receiving 7 × 10^7 CFU of APEC via intratracheal inoculation. Survival data included both male and female birds, while airsac lesion score and lung tissue samples for gene expression analyses were collected only from male birds at nine time points post-infection (days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 21). High airsac lesion incidence and mortality were observed during early infection stages, decreasing in mid to later stages as anti-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated. The lung gene expression study analyzed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6), regulator (SOCS3), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGFβ-2, TGFβ-3, and IL-1RN) via RT-qPCR assays, using 18S rRNA for normalization. A two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's Kramer test evaluated the effects of APEC treatment and days post-infection on gene expression, with the Mann-Whitney U test comparing fold changes between groups. Results indicated an early upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ and IL-1β, followed by the modulatory roles of SOCS3, TGF-β, and IL-1RN, balancing the immune response and possibly preventing excessive tissue damage. This study elucidates the dynamic regulation of key cytokines during APEC infection in chickens, providing insights into immune mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving disease management in poultry, potentially reducing antibiotic dependence and enhancing overall poultry health and productivity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125002688Avian pathogenic Escherichia coliBroiler chickenCytokineImmune responseGene expression
spellingShingle Xin Ye
Chuan-Yu Hsu
Linan Jia
Xue Zhang
Christopher Magee
Stephanie Whitham
Spencer Leigh
Jeffrey D. Evans
Li Zhang
Kelsy Robinson
Dynamic immune response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens: Insights into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation
Poultry Science
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli
Broiler chicken
Cytokine
Immune response
Gene expression
title Dynamic immune response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens: Insights into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation
title_full Dynamic immune response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens: Insights into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation
title_fullStr Dynamic immune response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens: Insights into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic immune response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens: Insights into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation
title_short Dynamic immune response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens: Insights into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation
title_sort dynamic immune response to avian pathogenic escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens insights into pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokine regulation
topic Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli
Broiler chicken
Cytokine
Immune response
Gene expression
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125002688
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