GIS-based multi-criteria decision making for identifying rainwater harvesting sites
Abstract The Middle East region, with its arid and semi-arid climate, is one of the regions most affected by climate change and water scarcity. To address the severe issue of water scarcity in the western region of Iraq, this study identifies optimal potential rainwater harvesting (RWH) locations. G...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Water Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02378-5 |
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| author | Waqed H. Hassan Karrar Mahdi Zahraa K. Kadhim |
| author_facet | Waqed H. Hassan Karrar Mahdi Zahraa K. Kadhim |
| author_sort | Waqed H. Hassan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Middle East region, with its arid and semi-arid climate, is one of the regions most affected by climate change and water scarcity. To address the severe issue of water scarcity in the western region of Iraq, this study identifies optimal potential rainwater harvesting (RWH) locations. Geographic Information System (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques were employed to generate themed layers for RWH. The nine primary criteria considered were rainfall, elevation, slope, stream order, soil texture, land use, groundwater depth, distance from the lake, and runoff depth. A weighted overlay assessment was used to identify probable RWH locations. The analytical hierarchical process was used to weight criteria depending on the study region, hydrological and socioeconomic parameters, and literature. The consistency ratio (CR = 3.16%) was calculated to validate the optimum weights of the comparison components, from which it was found that the weights assigned to each criterion were appropriate for comparative purposes. The results indicated that the optimum location (very high suitability) for RWH is mostly in middle regions of the study area, covering 286 km2 (13%), while for the other categories, high suitability is at 23% (498 km2), medium suitability at 29% (636 km2), low suitability at 21% (462 km2), and very low suitability at 14% (305 km2). Sensitivity analysis was used to identify the relative importance of the parameters and determine how each of the nine criteria influences the optimal RWH sites. These findings can assist decision makers and planners in devising strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change and increase any reclaimed area for agriculture. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-326fcbe006eb4cbeaac7fc53d9d01975 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2190-5487 2190-5495 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Water Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-326fcbe006eb4cbeaac7fc53d9d019752025-02-09T12:49:35ZengSpringerOpenApplied Water Science2190-54872190-54952025-02-0115312410.1007/s13201-025-02378-5GIS-based multi-criteria decision making for identifying rainwater harvesting sitesWaqed H. Hassan0Karrar Mahdi1Zahraa K. Kadhim2College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-AnbiyaaSoil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & ResearchCollege of Engineering, University of Warith Al-AnbiyaaAbstract The Middle East region, with its arid and semi-arid climate, is one of the regions most affected by climate change and water scarcity. To address the severe issue of water scarcity in the western region of Iraq, this study identifies optimal potential rainwater harvesting (RWH) locations. Geographic Information System (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques were employed to generate themed layers for RWH. The nine primary criteria considered were rainfall, elevation, slope, stream order, soil texture, land use, groundwater depth, distance from the lake, and runoff depth. A weighted overlay assessment was used to identify probable RWH locations. The analytical hierarchical process was used to weight criteria depending on the study region, hydrological and socioeconomic parameters, and literature. The consistency ratio (CR = 3.16%) was calculated to validate the optimum weights of the comparison components, from which it was found that the weights assigned to each criterion were appropriate for comparative purposes. The results indicated that the optimum location (very high suitability) for RWH is mostly in middle regions of the study area, covering 286 km2 (13%), while for the other categories, high suitability is at 23% (498 km2), medium suitability at 29% (636 km2), low suitability at 21% (462 km2), and very low suitability at 14% (305 km2). Sensitivity analysis was used to identify the relative importance of the parameters and determine how each of the nine criteria influences the optimal RWH sites. These findings can assist decision makers and planners in devising strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change and increase any reclaimed area for agriculture.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02378-5Rainwater harvestingMCDMAHPSuitability mapKerbala desertIraq |
| spellingShingle | Waqed H. Hassan Karrar Mahdi Zahraa K. Kadhim GIS-based multi-criteria decision making for identifying rainwater harvesting sites Applied Water Science Rainwater harvesting MCDM AHP Suitability map Kerbala desert Iraq |
| title | GIS-based multi-criteria decision making for identifying rainwater harvesting sites |
| title_full | GIS-based multi-criteria decision making for identifying rainwater harvesting sites |
| title_fullStr | GIS-based multi-criteria decision making for identifying rainwater harvesting sites |
| title_full_unstemmed | GIS-based multi-criteria decision making for identifying rainwater harvesting sites |
| title_short | GIS-based multi-criteria decision making for identifying rainwater harvesting sites |
| title_sort | gis based multi criteria decision making for identifying rainwater harvesting sites |
| topic | Rainwater harvesting MCDM AHP Suitability map Kerbala desert Iraq |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02378-5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT waqedhhassan gisbasedmulticriteriadecisionmakingforidentifyingrainwaterharvestingsites AT karrarmahdi gisbasedmulticriteriadecisionmakingforidentifyingrainwaterharvestingsites AT zahraakkadhim gisbasedmulticriteriadecisionmakingforidentifyingrainwaterharvestingsites |