Prevalence of upper cross syndrome in middle school students: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Introduction Upper cross syndrome is caused by an imbalance between the tonic and weak muscles located over the neck and shoulder area, which is primarily brought on by poor posture. The rhomboids, serratus anterior, longus capitis, and lower trapezius are weak muscles, as are the deep cerv...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-025-00284-0 |
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| Summary: | Abstract Introduction Upper cross syndrome is caused by an imbalance between the tonic and weak muscles located over the neck and shoulder area, which is primarily brought on by poor posture. The rhomboids, serratus anterior, longus capitis, and lower trapezius are weak muscles, as are the deep cervical flexors. Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, upper trapezius, and levator scapulae are some of the tight muscles. These opposite groups of muscle imbalances in upper cross syndrome give rise to postural disturbances. Objective To determine the prevalence of upper cross syndrome in middle school students of Delhi. Methods Two hundred and forty-six participants, both male and female, were included in the study, presence of upper cross syndrome was assessed in the participants using CVA, CFT, pectoralis major & minor length test, and wall push-up test. Result Out of 246 participants, no one had tightness in the pectoralis major muscle. Prevalence is calculated based on the presence of a diagonal pattern in the subject, 27 students out of 246 were found to be diagnosed with upper cross syndrome. Conclusion In our study, the prevalence of upper cross syndrome in middle school students of Delhi was 10.97%, with females being more prevalent than males. |
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| ISSN: | 2536-9660 |